ZUmmmS^-' r*i*vF ^ ^- *!"''# *C:^ J JANUARY, 1943 VOL. 30 NO. 1 LESSONS FOR APRIL RELIEF SOCIETY Centennial Personal Souvenirs MAKE APPROPRIATE GIFTS Gift Cards Included When Requested ;23fl»^ 5»^ > "^*^ s '*'^4Sft'!sr*^-'" CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATIVE PLATE This pottery plate, IOV2 inches in diameter, depicts the first Relief Society meeting held in Nauvoo, March 17, 1842. Brown is the predominating color of the design on this beautiful ivory plate, with costumes in a variety of colors. The plate is bordered with gold-colored wheat heads. The inscription on the back gives information as to the organization, scope, and purposes of Relief Society. Price $1.50. postpaid. OFFICIAL RELIEF SOCIETY PIN No. 1 Pin of blue baked French hard enamel and 24 carat gold-plated. Price $1.10, postpaid. No. 2 Pin of blue baked French hard enamel and 10 carat solid-gold front gold filled, with 24 carat gold-plated back. Price $1.80, postpaid. Both pins are identical as to design, size, and coloring. Although issued as a feature of the centennial year, this pin bears only the organization date, 1842, and will therefore be appropriate for use after the centennial. These prices include Federal excise tax. OUR LEGACY REUEF SOCIETY CENTENNIAL ANTHOLOGY OF VERSE This 329-page book contains poems selected from the writings of Latter-day Saint women from 1835 to 1942, including all the prize poems designated in the annual Eliza Roxey Snow Memorial Poem contest. The relatives of those whose poems are included in this anthology will be especially interested. Price $1.50. postpaid. A CENTENARY OF RELIEF SOCIETY A panorama of Relief Society's first hundred years in picture and story, containing much material heretofore unpublished. Bound in a blue paper book cover, with its title "A Centenary of Relief Society" and the centennial insignia beautifully embossed in gold. 96 pages, size 9x12 inches. Over 500 pictures of historical interest. The price of the book has been kept as low as possible — 50 cents per copy, postpaid— whether single copies or quantity lots are ordered. Orders cannot be accepted without the remittance of 50 cents per copy. A special gift card will be sent with all copies of the book designated as gifts. Order from your ward Relief Society Magazine representative or direct from the General Board. ■ ^ ■ All articles listed above are obtainable only from General Board of Relief Society. 28 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City. The Relief Society Magazine Monthly Publication of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints RELIEF SOCIETY GENERAL BOARD Amy Brown Lyman Marcia K. Howells Belle S. Spai.ord Vera W. Pohlman Donna D. Sorensen Vivian R. McConkie Leda T. Jensen Rae B. Barker Nellie O. Parker Editor Acting Business Manager Anna S. Barlow Achsa E. Paxman Mary G. Judd Luella N. Adams Marianne C. Sharp RELIEF SOCIETY Anna B. Hart Gertrude R. Garff Leona F. Wintch Edith S. Elliott Pauline T. Pingree MAGAZINE President First Counselor Second Counselor Secretary-Treasurer Alice B. Castleton Priscilla L. Evans Florence J. Madsen Ann P. Nibley Belle S. Spafford Amy Brown Lyman Vol. 30 JANUARY, 1943 No. 1 SPECIAL FEATURES Snowflakes — Ruth H. Chadwick Back of Frontispiece Winter Scene Frontispiece Messages for the New Year — Relief Society General Board Members 5 Award Winners — Eliza R. Snow Memorial Poem Contest 11 Award Winners — Annual Short Story Contest 16 Psychological Warfare Mark K. Allen 23 Little Stones that Change the Course of Rivers Leila M. Hoggan 27 Woman's Sphere Romona W. Cannon 34 Point Rationing Justin C. Stewart 46 FICTION All That Glitters— First Prize Short Story Contest Norma Wrathall 17 Justice is a Group Affair Eva Willes Wangsgaard 29 GENERAL FEATURES Editorial: A New Heart and a New Spirit Marianne C. Sharp 35 Notes To The Field: Leaflets on Health, Nursing, etc 36 Petitions on Informative Labeling 38 Suggestive Program for March 7, 1943 1 38 "Leads For Class Leaders" Delayed 42 Elder Stephen L Richards' Lectures 42 Message of First Presidency 43 New Book — "Recreation in the Home" 43 Mormon Handicraft Shop 44 Auxiliaries Protest Smoking 44 Notes From the Field Vera White Pohlman, General Secretary-Treasurer 48 LESSONS Theology and Testimony — Book of Mormon 57 61 64 69 72 Visiting Teachers' — Care of the Body as an Expression of Faith. Work-and-Business — Clean Things Last Longer Literature — Great Bible Personalities Social Science — Growth of Political Parties General Presidents — Louise Y. Robison POETRY Snowflakes — Ruth H. Chadwick Back of Frontispiece Your Heritage — First Prize, Poem Contest Dott J. Sartori 12 While the Earth Turns — Second Prize, Poem Contest Beatrice K. Ekman 13 Symphony of the Snow — Third Prize, Poem Contest L.nda S. Fletcher 14 Beyond This Night Linnie Fisher Robinson 22 This Night Mabel Jones Gabbott 76 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE GENERAL BOARD OF RELIEF SOCIETY Editorial and Business Offices: 28 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, Phone 3-2741, Ex. 243. Subscription Price: $1.00 a year; foreign, $1.00 a year; payable in advance. Single copy, 10c. The Magazine is not sent after subscription expires. Renew promptly so that no copiesi will be missed. Report change of address at once, giving both old and new address. Entered as second-class matter February 18, 1914, at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, under the Act of March o, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 8, 1917, authorized June 29, 1918. Stamps should accompany manu- scripts for their return. MAGAZINE CIRCULATION 57,000 Snowfianes Ruth H. Chadwick Swirling and dancing, gossamer wings, Tangible fairies garnish the earth. Shimmering white, they wrap round her breast Festoons of pearls, add trimmings of worth. Lace so exquisite scallops her gown; Sparklets and plumes embellish her crown. ~*f '^nffiin «t<M?m ' miWtillgfcwW^ffri »fcmim| i» ^t Orf^l ©©nsmr VOL. 30, NO. 1 MAGAZINE JANUARY 1943 Messages for the New Year Fwm Members of the Relief Society General Board I T has been said that nobody worries about Christ and His teachings so long as they are kept shut up in the churches, but that there is always trouble and perplexity if you try to bring them out. As the new year is ushered in and the second century of Relief Societ}' begins, let us as members of this great humanitarian organization resolve to do our part in bringing forward the teachings of the Master, in applying them in our lives, and in advocating them to our fellow men, thus contribut- ing to the establishment of the kingdom of God on earth. Piesident Amy Biown Lyman ^^TN Thee, O Lord, do I put my trust;" (Psalm 31:1). Shall we now, as daughters of our Heavenly Father, rededicate our lives to His work? Nothing we do in His service can be too well or too beautifully done. His spirit, as our constant companion, is our greatest need. It is a privilege to work in His vineyard in any capacity. We were given the Relief Society organization by a prophet of God. Activity in this Church auxiliary helps us to go forward with gratitude in our hearts for our privileges and blessings. May salvation and eternal life crown our earnest efforts. Counselor Marcia K. Howells TT is a great blessing to face life with a testimony of the truthfulness of the Gospel— to know that God lives, that life has purpose and direction, and that the relationships of friends and loved ones v^all continue beyond this The work of Relief Society strengthens testimonies and provides abundant opportunity for the application of Gospel principles. Fortunate, Page 5 6 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 indeed, are women who are identified with this Society, either as members or as officers. May the experiences of the new year deepen our insight, increase our understanding, and add to our desire to serve our Father and our fellow men. Counselor Belle S. SpaRoid T ASTING world peace can be established only through the brotherhood of man, a state of fellow feeling which harbors neither national nor racial prejudices. Relief Society is making its contribution toward this goal. This sisterhood includes women who are of the black, brown, yellow, red, and white races, and citizens of more than a score of nations. Yet each of these is ''sister" to all other members of the Society, and all are striving to better understand and live according to the principles of the Gospel of Jesus Christ— the sure path to individual and universal peace. Genera] Secretary-Treasurer Vera W. Pohlman "lATITH almost global war, every member of most families is feeling the impact. Restlessness, adapting to new work, adjusting to a loved one's absence, restricted movements, insecurity, all play their part in intensifying the role that the home needs to play. Changing conditions bring different opportunities to women. Tlie woman of faith and sweet spirit can make her home a haven of comfort in times of trouble. The family prayers, the spoken ' acceptance of our Heavenly Father as the guardian of all, the understanding heart, the love transformed into service— the memories of these will fortify our families in the battle for present-day existence. Donna D. Soiensen J DESIRE an abiding faith in the Lord, sufficient to sustain and succor me. What I yearn for, I wish for you. The new year, 1943, will be a year fraught with anxieties, but those who trust in the Lord will be assuaged. Present events help us realize how dependent we are upon Him. Pause and think deeply and have hope and vision for your needs. Faith and vision become strong and clear, and sustain those who keep the command- ments of the Lord. ''They who have faith in Him will cleave unto every good thing." May you have peace surpassing understanding, is my earnest desire. Vivian R. McConkie OELIEF SOCIETY is beginning a new year in a new century with the world perilously threatened by the holocaust of evil forces. When we see the human misery and the destruction which follow in the wake of these forces, it makes us feel the preciousness of good; of God's great laws for living together in love. It makes us appreciate our heritage— a sustain- MESSAGES FOR THE NEW YEAR 7 ing faith and the opportunity for organized work ni the cause of human uphft. Let us rededicate ourselves to the noble purposes of Relief Society and help bring to the world a charity which is the true love of Christ. Ndlic O. Parker ^^ A MAN is at his finest toward the finish of the year; He is almost what he should be, when the Christmas season's here; He is less a selfish creature than at anv other time; When the Christmas spirit rules him, he comes close to the sublime." Our faith strikes the proper balance between the material and the spiritual forces of life. You have exemphfied this thought through your belief in religious principles combined with the doing of noble service. May 1943 bring joys that will remain long in your memory, and may high achievement reward your efforts throughout the new year. Achsa E. Paxman 'HPO my sisters of the Relief Society— particularly those who, like myself, have sons in the armed forces of our country— I send this message: Be of good cheer. Your Heavenly Father loves you and will he mindiul oi you. Mary Grant /udd /GREETINGS and best wishes to you noble Relief Society women— you who will be quietly and faithfully performing the tasks that each day of the new year brings. In these days of confusion and trouble, you Latter-day Saint women are blessed above all others in the world. You have an anchor in your knowledge and testimony of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Hold fast to this precious anchor and you will continue to be sustained and blessed by your Heavenly Father. Luella N. Adams nPHIS is a day of sorrow upon the earth. As Latter-day Saints, however, we know that we are privileged to be permitted to live during this great Dispensation of the Fullness of Times. We realize that the righteous must suffer with the wicked, but that "Those that die in me shall not taste of death, for it shall be sweet unto them." At this Christmastide let us, as Relief Society members, fill our souls with love for Him who was "a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief." Let us rejoice "because he hath poured out his soul unto death" whereby we mav all partake of a glorious resurrection. Marianne C. Sharp ^^pLORY to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men." 8 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 I'hc most soul-satisfying experiences we have in life, especially during these troubled times, are the efforts we make to live the Gospel of Jesus Christ. May this season of His birth bring to each member of Relief Society in all the world a strong and abiding testimony of the mission of our Savior, so that no matter what vicissitudes of life touch us from the outside, within we may have that peace which comes from good will toward men. Leda T. Jensen AT the beginning of another year, in a new century for Relief Society, I pray earnestly for Latter-day Saint women everywhere that by the power of the Holy Spirit each may see her course clearly; that each shall do her work with wisdom and in kindness; that each shall be strong and unafraid, preparing herself through faith and knowledge to meet every day in the new year and every situation ahead with serenity and peace of soul. 'Tor they that have received the truth . . . and have taken the Holy Spirit for their guide, and have not been deceived . . . shall abide the day." (Doctrine and Covenants 45:57) Rae B. Barker ^^npHESE things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace." In these days of world-wide distress, how grateful we should be for the Gospel of Jesus Christ and for our testimonies of its truthfulness. TThe mission of the Savior was one of peace and love,: and it is through the application of His teachings in our lives that we can meet the problems of this day v^th courage. Christ's message is expressed in the spirit and character of Relief So- ciety. To be identified with this organization is a blessing. Let us help to further this great cause, ''that in Him we may have peace." Anna S. Barlow npHIS is the birth of a new year and of a new Relief Society^ century! The stress of the present stirs us to super accomplishment. The achievement of the past has made us feel our powers. The prophetic urge for organiza- tion a century ago is a hundredfold today. May we look forward with the enthusiasm and dreams of youth, but with vision. May we face the new century as we face a new day. May our lives radiate fortitude and inner peace, that we may help bring universal love to the world. This is the birth of a new century for Relief Society. What a challenge to us! Anna Boss Hart MESSAGES FOR THE NEW YEAR 9 ^^OLMSSED is he that is faithful in tribulation, the reward of the same is greater in the kingdom of heaven, lor after much tribulation eonie the blessings." * Let us as Rehef Societ}' members be comforted b) these words of our Lord. For even though the past year has literally been a year of tribulation, we as Latter-day Saints have a great many blessings for which to be thankful. May we enter this new year with hope in our hearts and a prayer on our lips that we may so live as to be wortln of the blessings promised to the faithful. Gertrude R. Garfl^ pVEN though Relief Society women have been hca\ily burdened bv thick, dark forces, they have not lost their way. Thcv dream dreams and see the vision of a new morning, and a spring come again; their faith is ever fresh. Not necessarily the great or the strong, but the seemingly unimportant women among us are spreading blessings, making small things worthy of eternal remembrance. Theirs is a healing virtue in toil and trouble. Truly their outlook is wider and deeper than the number of years lived or the accumulation of encumbering goods. May our Heavenlv Father continue to bless the daughters of Zion. Leona F. Wiiitch 'T^O all of my Relief Society sisters I send greetings, and hope the new year will bring all that your hearts desire in righteousness. Edith Smith EUiott AT the beginning of another century of Relief Society, I desire to express my love and appreciation to all the wonderful women who have ser\'ed so loyally in this organization. May you continue to feel that it is a privilege to live, to work, to sacrifice, to endure, to love; and may you realize that you are instruments in God's kingdom in helping to work out Mis purposes among men. If you continue faithful, the peace of God which passeth all under- standing will be yours; moreover, each of you will be capable of making the circle in which you live better and happier. Pauline T. Pingiee AT the beginning of this new year our love and prayers go out to our 115,000 Relief Society members. May God's choicest blessings attend you during the coming year and always. M 10 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 Whatever the future holds, may you be true to the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, and may you have the courage, fortitude, and determination to live righteously. By being members of the Church, you are heirs to a precious heritage, and by keeping the commandments of God and conforming to the Gospel teachings and by consecrating your lives to the work of the Lord, you are entitled to life eternal, the Divine gift to mankind. Alice B.Castleton Y w^ish for you, my dear sisters, is that the Christmas just passed will be remembered as a happy one and that blessings may attend you in the new^ year. To those homes saddened by the loss of loved ones, may our Heavenly Father send comfort and consolation; to firesides w^here parents, wives, or other beloved ones are bravely carrying on with anxiety in their hearts, may He send patience and faith; and to homes blessed with the laughter of happy children may He send Flis spirit to protect the household and to guide those who there reside, that loyalty and courage and kindness may reign therein. Piiscilh L. Evans i^npAKE from out the Old Year only the experiences and achievements that will enrich and make for a better New Year." A hundred years of valuable experiences have contributed to the dynamic strength and power of our great Relief Society organization. . As the new year approaches, let us greet every day with unfaltering step, with a prayer in our hearts and a song on our lips, with courage and with faith in the fulfillment of the Divine promise that: 'If with all your hearts ye truly seek me, ye shall ever surely find me. Thus saith our God." Florence Jeppeison Madsen T SEND my love and new year's greetings to the members of Relief Society. For many months we have lived in the midst of a world at war, and of necessity we have had to readjust our lives to varied and changing con- ditions. More than ever before, I believe, we should exert every effort to live our religion and keep the commandments of the Lord. If we do this, we will merit His protection and blessings, and then, whatever the future may hold for us, it will be according to His will. My prayers and good wishes are for your welfare and happiness. Ann P. Nihley Jn^Vi^ard vi/i inners ibiiza LKoxey Snow if lemorial [Prize cPoem Contest 'T^HE Relief Society General Board is pleased to announce the names ( f the three prize winners in the 1942 Eliza R. Snow Memorial Prize Poem Contest. This contest was an- nounced in the August 1942 issue of the Magazine and closed October 15, 1942. The first prize of $15 is awarded to Dott J. Sartori, 3388 So. 9th East, Salt Lake City, for her poem 'Tour Heritage." The second prize of $10 is award- ed to Beatrice K. Ekman, 287 Eighth Ave., Salt Lake City, for her poem "While the Earth Turns." The third prize of $5 is awarded to Linda S. Fletcher, Apt. 320 - 20th So. York Street, Denver, Colo., for her poem ''Symphony of the Snow." This poem contest has been con- ducted annually by the Relief So- ciety General Board since 1923 in honor of Eliza R. Snow, second general president of Relief Society and a very gifted poet. The contest is open to all Latter- day Saint women and is designed to encourage poetry writing and to in- crease appreciation for creative writ- ing and the beauty and value of poetic verse. Prize-winning poems are the property of the Relief Society General Board and may not be used for publication by others except up- on written permission from the Gen- eral Board. The General Board re- serves the right to publish any of the other poems submitted, paying for them at the time of publication at the regular Magazine rate. A writer who has received the first prize for two consecutive years must wait two years before she is again eligible to enter the contest. There were 63 poems submitted in this year's contest. The General Board congratulates the prize win- ners and expresses appreciation to all entrants for their interest in the con- test and the general excellence of work submitted. The Board sincerely thanks the three judges for their valuable assist- ance in selecting the prize-winning poems. The contribution of the General Board's poem committee is also greatly appreciated. The prize-winning poems, to- gether with photographs of two of the prize-winning contestants, are published herewith. The photo- graph of Linda S. Fletcher, winner of third prize, was unavailable. Page [Prize- vi/inning [Poems ibiiza Lrioxei/ Snow 1 1 iemonal LPrize [Poem Looniest oxey DOl 1 J. SARTORI BEATRICE KNOWLTON EKMAN V' our uientage Dott /. Saitoii Fiist Prize Here is a heritage, my new-born son: You have the blood of heroes in your veins. A thousand thousand threads of Hves, once hved, Are passed and plaited into living skeins That merge through all the centuries in you. Your father's fire, his father's high unrest Crimson your arterial stream and gauge Your vision, set your span and depth of chest. And all the giants, ax in hand, who swung Down purple aisles of forest, all the brave Who pitted wit and brawn against their foes. Who loved and courted and conceived and gave Life out of life, have stored their powers in you. Page 12 PRIZE-WINNING POEMS n Through unrecorded eras, dark and still, Remember, the stout of spirit, conquerors Of life and love shall fabricate your will. Perhaps a valiant Joshua will blow His mighty trumpets in your soul, my son. Or Moses speak in your integrity, Or Joseph's and your purity be one. Some faithful heart that knew the miracle At the parting of the Jordan, beats in yours. In your foot sandled ancestors will stand Once more against the old conspirators. ^ vi/hile the (barth c/urns Beatrice KnowJton Ekman Second Piize I The canyon's clefted walls are torched with flame Of maple— scarlet vying sumach-red; The yellowed cottonwoods and alders frame The creek and swale. In silence overhead Swift-moving banks of gray mingle with mist That veils the hills with mauve and amethyst. The quaking aspens hold their branches high And tinkle castanets in lullaby. The scarlet and the yellow leaves will fall To rust beneath the drip of slanting rain. While hill-pines to the soughing ridge-pines call. To seek the sheltering evergreens again. Furred creatures under bare, bleak trees will go. Their footprints etched in moonlight on the snow. II The dirt road rims the mountainside; The creek makes murmurings below Where over rocks, cool waters glide Tumbling in white and crystal flow. The skies are cupped in sober gray On kneeling hills of camel-brown 14 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 And on blue summits far away Winter has laid white sandals down. After the night of cleansing rain The mountain trees stand still and stark, The old trails beckoning in vain Up through the groves of silver bark. With somberncss of earth and sky November days are set apart— I hear a late bird's lonely cry And grief unbidden stirs my heart. Ill The fields we loved to wander through Have faded to a graver hue, And where we watched the barley blow Red pheasants glean the stubble row. Unfettered from the sloping hill, Where painted trees their crimson spill, The tumbleweeds come marshaling down The hillside road that runs to town. Through long uncharted lanes of sky Wild geese in patterned wedges fly. And wheeling earth brings dark— brings dawn- Only my heart knows you are gone. ^ Symphony of the Snow Linda S. Fletchei Thiid Prize Allegro Artists' hands have opened up, And floating from them down to earth Comes Pavlova, with her ballet, In a dainty dance of mirth. Swirling, whirling on tiptoe. Silent as the stars' chorale, Sylphs glide on, to strains unheard— The melody of gay snowfall. AUegretto On they pass; the tempo now Changes, while Cellinis trim The set— mold ghostly Spring PRIZE-WINNING POEMS I5 On trees. A-down waft seraphim With jeweled coverlet to veil A man-scarred world from scrutiny Of Heaven's face— thus hide, awhile, A desolating agony. Andante For a brief moment earth again Knows Eden— innocence and peace; The heapcd-up mounds consigned to dust Are covered o'er; the clangors cease. In the white sky an unseen host Joins in a requiem sublime To mark the groaning world's travail On the Eternal's tome of time. Coda Earth soon will know the end of woe, When clad in amaranthine bloom, Her purity like to the snow. She ne'er again will hold a tomb! ^ EXCERPT FROM ''HOW CLIMATE MAKES THE MAN" ". . . People in the tropics seldom wear out or break down; thev die largely from infectious and parasitic diseases. "In temperate coolness it is a breakdown in our combustion machiner\' which is bringing greatest worry' to the medical profession. This involves particularly the heart and blood vessels, since on them falls the direct load of transporting food and oxygen to the body tissues and of removing the waste products and useless heat. Heart failure is predominantly a problem of cool climates. ''Energetic Northerners thus should regard stress of life as a major danger and health hazard, especially after passing the fort}'-year mark. Thev should be careful about increasing the stress upon body machinery by lack of proper sleep and relaxation or through the use of caffeine which makes ever}' tissue in the body work harder. I personally feel that over- use of this drug (the active principle of coffee, tea, and cola bc\erages) is todav doing more damage among the active Americans of middle temperate latitudes than any other single factor in life. Over-use of tobacco probably runs a close second." From a General Electric 'Science Forum" Program, reprinted from Science Digest. Jtv^ard vi/i'. Annual Relief Society 'pHE Relief Society General Board is pleased to announce the names of the award winners in the short story contest which was an- nounced in the August 1942 issue of The Relief Society Magazine and which closed November 15, 1942. The first prize of $25 is awarded to Norma Wrathall, Grantsville, Utah, for her story "All That Glitters." The second prize of $20 is awarded to Blanche Kendall McKey, 2821 Porter Ave., Ogden, Utah, for her story "Silent Strings." The third prize of $15 is awarded to Mary Ek Knowles, 1025 Darling St., Og- den, Utah, for her story "The Gold Watch." This short story contest, first con- ducted by the Relief Society Gen- eral Board in 1941 as a feature of the centennial observance, was made an annual contest in 1942 inasmuch as the centennial short story contest had been so enthusiastically received and inasmuch as sponsorship of story writing is of equal importance to that of poetry writing in which the Board conducts a contest annually. The contest is open only to Latter- day Saint women who have had at least one literary composition pub- lished or accepted for publication by the editor of a publication of recognized merit. The three prize-winning stories are to be published consecutively in the first three issues of the Magazine for 1943. Pirze-winning stories become the property of the General Board and mav not be published by others except bv written permission from the General Board. The General Board reserves the right to publish any of the other stories entered in the contest, paying for them at the regular Magazine rate at the time of Pgae 16 tnners Short Story Contest publication. A writer who has re- ceived first prize for two consecutive vears must wait two vears before she is again eligible to enter the contest. Twenty-one manuscripts were sub- mitted in the contest for 1942. While some of these failed to qualify as short stories, being sketches rather than short stories, and while others showed a lack of consistencv be- tween incidents related in the story and the time and setting of the story, all work entered in the contest re- vealed writing ability. The General Board congratulates the prize-winning contestants and expresses appreciation to all whose work was entered in the contest. The number of manuscripts and the type of work submitted during the first two years of the short story con- test are very encouraging and indi- cate that, like the Eliza R. Snow poem contest, the short story con- test will become one of the impor- tant activities sponsored by the Gen- eral Board, and through this activity high quality fiction-writing among Latter-day Saint women will be stimulated. The General Board sincerely thanks the five judges for their care- ful consideration of the stories and for the excellence of their judgment in selecting the prize winners. The services of the General Board's short story contest committee are also greatly appreciated. Stories, together with photographs of the award-winning contestants, will appear in the Relief Society Magazine as follows: January, 1943, "All That Glitters," hy Norma Wrathall; February 1943, "'Silent Strings," bv Blanche Kendall McKe\'; March 1943', "The Gold \\'atch." by Mary Ek Knowles. JxU Qjhat (flitters Noima Wiathall First Prize Jxnnual [Kelief Societii Short Story Contest 4 4 TY/" ANTED: At once. Wom- Y^ en between ages 18 and 40 to work in war plant cafeteria. Wages, $80 per month. Transportation and one meal fur- nished. Apply at . . ." The newspaper slid from Emily Merrill's hand: "Wanted ... $80 per month '' Her eyes sought out the worn linoleum, the scuffed chairs, the kitchen curtains, which in spite of frequent laundering refused to stay crisp. She looked down at her thin red hands, idle for once in her lap. How long had it been since she had had money to buy anything she really wanted? Somehow it had taken all they could scrape from the farm to meet expenses and make pay- ments on the mortgage. She sighed. Of course. Jack was working at the plant himself, but he said that every cent they didn't have to use on abso- lute necessities must go on the debt; now was his chance to *'get out from under" as he put it. Well, all the more reason she should earn a little. She folded the ad page and put it carefully in the cupboard drawer. Why it was wonderful, that's what it was; it was her golden opportunity. She hummed a tune as she prepared the evening meal. By the time the family was assem- bled around the supper table, a defi- nite plan had taken form in her mind, but she waited until Jack had finished eating before she said any- thing. ''Never try to convince a man whose stomach is empty," her grand- NORMA WRATHALL mother had always said. Besides, Jack always read the paper at the meal table. At last he finished his dessert and put down the paper. Emily drew a deep breath, pushed her hair back of her ears, and began. "I don't like it," Jack pronounced emphatically, as she paused for an- other breath. '*! don't want my wife running around in any workman's cafeteria, waiting on a lot of foreign- ers and. . . ." Emily was prepared for opposition, but before she could say anything more, sixteen-year-old Etta inter- Page 17 18 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 rupted: ''Don't be so old-fashioned, family to be prepared the night be- Dad. All the women are working fore; a hot, cooked dinner in the nowadays. A woman's place isn't evening after she came home from just in the home any more, you work. She could do the washing and know." ironing and clean the house on her He drew his brows together at her day off. Really, it all seemed so sim- condescending tone. This red-headed pie. Even Aunt Bessie's lack of en- daughter of his certainly needed her thusiasm failed to dampen her spirits, come-uppance for a change. "It would be different if you had to Emily rose hastily to pour oil on work, Emily," Aunt Bessie said. "If the troubled waters. How alike they that were the case, I'd move right were, ready to flare at the drop of a in and help you, if necessary. But match, her sandy-haired husband I should think that with Jack work- with his threatening brows, and the ing .... Well," she sighed, "all I girl with her head on one side, star- hope is that I don't have one of my ing back at him from under impu- headaches on the days the children dently lowered eyelids. are here." She shook her head dole- "Of course, Etta, a mother's first fully and went on, as Emily thought, duty is to her family," Emily said "making mountains from molehills." quietly, "but I'm sure I can manage I^MILY would never forget the day home and job too, right now; the '-^ she brought home her first pay twins are getting older, and you can check. She sat down and kicked off help with the housework." She was her shoes to ease her burning feet a quiet-mannered woman, with dark while she tore open the envelope, hair and soft brown eyes which be- Let's see— new linoleum should be lied the inner strength her husband the first thing to buy, and some crisp had been heard to call stubbornness, new curtains. And she did want to By the time she had finished packing make a down payment on bed divan his lunch box, with Etta safely out for the living room. That old couch of the way on an errand at the drug was such an eyesore, store, she had won his consent to her Her pleasant reverie was broken plan. as the screen door banged, and The children were in school all the twins came bouncing into the day, and by carefully planning her room. "Hi there, mom," cried Billy, work, she thought she could manage "isn't supper ready yet? Gee whiz, it. She would arrange for the nine- am I starved!" Billy was always hun- year-old twins, Billy and Betty, to gry. He grabbed a piece of baker's stay after school with Great-aunt bread from the box and stuffed it Bessie, a childless widow who had into his mouth, always been fond of them. And "Not so much slang, dear. Yes, Etta could take care of herself, and I'll have it ready in a few minutes." do a good share of the housework. Little needles shot up the backs of Emily's agile mind swept on to the her legs as she bent her energy to the systematic planning of her day's task. Goodness, it was getting late, work: the breakfast to be cooked ''Say, mom," called Betty from the early, and served to the children later bathroom, where she was washing by Etta; the lunches for the entire her hands, "Aunt Bessie said to tell ALL THAT GLITTERS 19 you, of course we're welcome to stay dance act for assembly. Meryl's so there, but Billy'd have to do better, talented." She turned around, exe- Know what he did?" She pointed an cuting a dance step. ''Meryl Sisom. accusing soapy finger. "He put two You know. Mother." toads in Aunt Bessie's goldfish bowl "Some new people who just moved —right in with the fish. 'Magine!" into town. They live over in the old Betty set her lips self-ri^hteously, Jacobs' home," explained Emily. 'Tah, an' what if I did, ole Miss Jack grunted. "Humph. Well, Smarty! And mom, know what she you see that you bring Meryl or who- did?" Billy's voice was loud with ever she is over here to practice so scorn. "Kept coming in the house you can help a little. And that's with her rollerskates on— right on final!" He brought his fist down on the lineoleum Aunt Bessie'd just the table with a bang, waxed. She said . . . . " "Oh, all right," Etta pouted. "Mr. "Oh, children, stop it. Mother's Sisom makes simply scads of money," too tired tonight. And Billy, get she went on, with a side glance at her the broom and sweep up all that mud father. "Meryl has awfully smart you dragged in. Betty, help mother clothes. She's getting a new chubby set the table. And put away your fur jacket. Wish I could," she sighed school things. Oh, dear, Etta's not volubly. home from school yet, and it's nearly Jack paddled off to the living room six." Her voice rose in strident irri- in his stocking feet to finish his nap, tation. She found herself wonder- muttering that the money some peo- ing, a little grimly, if Aunt Bessie pie were spending was ridiculous, and still could be heard to wish piously Emily began clearing the table, that the Almighty had seen fit to "Maybe we can manage the jacket bless her with a family. later on," she said to Etta who was They were half way through sup- helping. "Now hurry, dear, you'll be per by the time Etta came in, tossing late for Mutual. It's Tuesday night, her sweater over a chair. Emily you know." looked fondly at her daughter whose "Oh, I'm not going tonight," re- red-gold hair framed a piquant face plied Etta, "Meryl doesnt want to with dancing brown eyes. Etta went join. She says the things they do at once to the kitchen mirror and at Mutual are childish." began a careful inspection of her , , . , -, ^ complexion. A^ *^^ weeks hurried on and the "WhereVe you been, Etta?" asked tag ends of work from even Em- ber father, abruptly emerging from ily's careful planning began to pile his newspaper. up, she tried to grow accustomed to ''Over to Meryl's," answered Etta, the lint which accumulated under patting her curls. "I ate supper over the beds from her one "free day" a l-here." week to the next. She trained her- • "You're supposed to be home self not to notice the pile of mending when your mother comes. You which grew steadily higher on the should help out a little. And who sewing machine, or the ironing which is Meryl?" hung perennially on the clothes' rack. ''We were practicing a song and But by the time the short cold days of aO RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 winter had set in, she began to worry that she would have to work night about Betty's frequent colds. Emily shift for several weeks; he was short knew that Aunt Bessie, really the soul of experienced women for the night of kindness, nevertheless must have work. her house neat, and that often the 'It will mean that you'll have to twins played out-of-doors late on see to getting the twins to bed," she chilly afternoons with sweaters un- told Etta, as they prepared supper, buttoned and caps left carelessly in 'Tour father is on the afternoon the house. She tried to console her- shift, and I have to leave right after self with the knowledge that, as she supper." always worked day shift, she was at Etta didnt reply at first, but went home evenings to see that the chil- on setting the table. "Fve a chance dren went to bed on time, with colds to work evenings and Saturdays down doctored if necessary. Somehow, she at El Dansante Cafe, waiting on ta- had ceased to talk over family trou- bles," she began at last, bles with her husband. By the time ''Oh, but Etta," Emily's voice she had finished her almost endless lifted in quick concern. "I don't want evening tasks, he was usually asleep you to work down there. It'll be too in his chair; or, if he was working hard on you. Anyway, I need you night shift, he had to leave for work here at home." She forced her lips soon after she came home. And, like to smile. herself, he seemed too tired for much Etta glanced curiously at her conversation. The few words they mother; and the older woman real- had for each other were merely mo- ized, with a pang, that her daughter ments snatched from seemingly more suddenly seemed grownup, an adult essential things. who faced her with alien eyes. "But She would have liked to talk to Mother," replied Etta, "you don't him about the sealed note addressed stay home. Why should I?" to her which fell from Bill's overall In the end, Etta won her parents' pocket one night as she was hanging grudging consent to take the job; the up the children's clothes. "Dear hours wouldn't be long, and the pro- Mrs. Merrill," it began, "if possible, prietor promised to see that the girls will you please see that Billy gets got home safely. Emily prevailed some extra drill on his 'times upon Aunt Bessie to keep the twins tables each evening? Otherwise, I at night, and for a while everything may have to put him in a slower seemed to go smoothly again, group. Your cooperation will be Emily couldn't remember, later, greatly ..." and signed with the just when she first began to notice teacher's name. A guilty flush spread a change in Etta. It may have been over Emily's face. The afternoons the morning Jack told her that their and evenings of over half the season daughter was staying at El Dansante had slipped away, and Billy had gone to dance long after her work was joyfully on, his "times tables" cards, finished. "I've spoken to her about sent home earlier in the year, repos- it. But I'm to go on night shift my- ing in the cupboard drawer. self, now, so you'd better remind her It was only a few days later that the to get home early," he warned Emily, foreman, Mr. Walters, told Emily One afternoon, she was roused by ALL THAT GLITTERS 21 the sound of Etta's and Meryl's voices in the kitchen. She glanced at the clock. Only two-thirty; they should still be in school. She frowned as she slid her feet into slippers and pulled her robe around her shoulders. It was hard enough to get a little rest, what with the essential housework lasting most of the forenoon. "How is it you two aren't in class?" she asked, opening the kitchen door. ''Oh, we . . . that is, I . . . got a call to go to work a little earlier," , answered Etta lamely. "But Etta, you shouldn't miss school for any other work." Emily tried to keep the panic out of her voice. She realized, without know- ing why, that this had happened before. "Oh, Mother, don't be silly." Et- ta's young face flushed vdth embar- rassment. She glanced at her friend, who was watching with a little amused smile. "Well, let's not have it happen again." Emily turned back to the bedroom, suddenly conscious of her towsled hair and crumpled robe un- der Meryl's cool appraising eyes. Funny she'd never noticed before what a bold look the girl had, vdth frankly darkened lashes and too bright lipstick. It was later that same afternoon that she found Meryl's compact on the kitchen table. Only, as it sprang open in her hand, it con- tained not rouge and powder, but cigarettes. Etta, questioned about the matter, replied sulkily that she didn't know if Meryl smoked; it wasn't any of her business anyway, was it? The incident was crowded back in Emily's mind by the endless tide of work that pushed her on. Then one Friday morning Emily was searching for her coat, getting ready to go home. She hummed a tune, thinking of what Mr. Walters, the foreman, had said as she left her work. "It's time for you to change back to day shift again Sunday, Mrs. Merrill. You've done so well, I want you to supervise the women workers. Only thing, you may be 'frozen' to your job for the duration, and you'll have to take your turn at the night shift. But it'll mean an increase in pay. Let me know when you come back Sunday." Preoccupied, she was at first unaware of what the women on the other side of the rack were saying. "... well, if Etta were my daugh- ter, I'd never let her run around with that Meryl Sisom." "... humph. I guess she's just as bad as the rest. Out all hours of the night. The whole crowd smok- ing and drinking, so I hear." The door banged after the women. Emily stood clutching her coat, their words still ringing in her ears. Of course, it wasn't true! It couldn't be. Not Etta. Then she remembered the cigarette case. The ride home in the crowded bus seemed endless. She found Jack in the kitchen, gloomily cooking his breakfast. Emily sat down by the table and pushed back the stale dishes from last night's supper. If only she could stop shaking while she told him. He said nothing at first, and Emily thought that, oddly, he didn't seem surprised. "Well, Emily," he said gravely at last, "I don't know as I blame you for trying to earn a little extra. Heaven knows you deserve it, after all your years of going without. 22 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 But this old 'home ship' of ours needs in from work. Now, don't cry, a pilot at the helm. Go into the living Emily, she's all right — so far, at room." least." He put his arm around her ''Go into . . . but what . . . ?" shoulders, and in an instant the "Just go on in. You'll see." He aloofness of the past months van- pushed back his chair and followed ished in their common bond of con- her. cern. Then the rough gentleness in For the rest of her life Emily would his voice gave way to sudden anger., remember the scene— the early light ''But I won't have it. This is the mottling the rug, the fur jacket flung end. No daughter of mine. ..." carelessly on a chair, and on the new Etta sat up, rubbing her eyes, divan, the girl lying asleep, still "Gee, what's the matter? Say, I fully clothed, her bright hair spilling didn't intend to stay here all night." over the dark cushions. Emily "All night!" Her father's voice ex-, opened her mouth, but no words ploded like a storm. "Don't worry, came. Her feet were like lead as she daughter." You haven't been here walked across the room and bent all night! Now just you listen to down. She hadn't known how her me." His angry words beat upon knees were trembling until they gave Etta's bowed head. But Emily, still way and she sank down on the edge dabbing at her eyes with her wadded of the divan. "Oh, Jack, Jack!" she handkerchief, had made up her mind sobbed, "she isn't . . . that is, I at last. She had gone to the hall thought. . . ." phone and dialed a number. "Hello, "No, she isn't drunk," said Jack is this ... oh, all right. Just give Mr. bluntly, "just given out from dancing Walters a message for me, please, at that fool place where she works. Tell him that Mrs. Emily Merrill will I put my coat over her when I came not be at work . . . any more." ^ ■ BEYOND THIS NIGHT Linnie Fishei Robinson We toiled, beloved, to build a universe secure, Hoping for lasting peace, where we could turn To things of home; nor dreamed our sons should thus endure Days like those other ones we knew. But hate fires burn, Raging across the world; dreams fall apart Leaving but blackened ruins smoldering behind. Bringing despair to try the human heart And tear security from out the human mind. Yet counting all the sands our lives have known, Adding our joy when peace lay on the land. We can but say that life is good; we can but own That, through those storms, we knew that God was in command. Today, that candle, in this dark, shines bright For things our sons shall gather past the night! Psychological Warfare— An Invisible Weapon Mark K. Allen Psychologist, Utah State Training School WAR is fought today from sistance in the enemy's army and ci- three principal approaches: vilian population and to diminish the economic, the military, enemy prestige in the eyes of the and the psychological. Economic neutrals." An Axis spokesman has warfare means ''starvation for our said, speaking of psychological war- enemies and food for our friends." fare, that "It is essential to attacK It means keeping the enemy from the enemy nation in its weak spots, obtaining from anywhere in the to undermine and break down its re- world the things he needs to live and sistance, and to convince it that it to make war on us— the food, the is being deceived, misled, and iron, the fuel, and the other ma- brought to destruction by its own terials needed to make and operate government. Thus the people will a war machine. In an age of mechan- lose confidence in the justice of its ization, this type of warfare is very cause so that the political opposition important. In this type of warfare— in those nations will raise its head the economic— the Allies had the and become a more powerful troub- better of the argument in World le-maker. The enemy nation's orig- War 1. But in this war, the Axis has inally solid, powerful, and well-knit already reduced through conquest fabric must be gradually disinte- this economic inequality. grated, broken down, rotted, so that In the military phase of war, until it falls apart like a fungus treaded recently, the Axis seems to have had upon in a forest." a definite advantage, because of Psychological warfare consists of longer preparation, more thorough spreading rumors, false reports, training, and a more definite military threats, and fears of deadly secret plan than was the case with the weapons. The channels through United Nations. Our present mobil- ^j^^^j^ ^his type of warfare is prose- ization and arms production pro- ^^^^^ ^^^ short-wave radio, fifth col- gram, as well as mass air attacks on ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ l^^^ed by agents Axis war industries, are calculated to . . ^ j j i. remove this advantage. ^ *^^ ^PP^"f *i^"^, ^P^'l^ \P".^; The third type of warfare-the P^^ uncritically. The type of material psychological-means weakening the spread usually has to do with the opponent through all sorts of tricks strength of the aggressor, the weak- designed to confuse, to frighten, to ness of the defender, and the futility discourage, to mislead, and to divide, of resistance. An attempt is made It is ''an offensive war waged with to discredit the leaders of the op- intellectual and emotional weapons posing nations. In eariy stages of to destroy the power of morale re- psychological warfare, a feeling of Page 23 24 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 easy complacency is encouraged by the nearer their claims fit our preju- promises of non-aggression. dices, the more they stir up strife Psychological warfare is referred and disunity among us. Religious to today by news commentators as prejudices are easily aroused by the 'war of nerves," the ''strategy propaganda, and political disunity is of terror,'' "breaking down the home readily promoted. Repeated at- front," "demoralizing the enemy," tempts have been made to drive and the "war of words," or propa- wedges between the United States ganda. and Great Britain by saying that With the stepping up of com- "Britain always gets someone else munications, especially the radio, to pull her chestnuts out of the psychological warfare has taken on a fire." Likewise, Japan points out to new significance in the present war. China the futility of expecting con- There is nothing incomprehensible tinned help from allies who have so in this type of warfare, and every miserably "let her down in the past." American should thoroughly under- Short-wave radio propaganda from stand it and realize how treacherous- nations at war with us has been par- ly it can attack, even over many ticularly directed toward stirring up thousands of miles of land and sea. economic class hatred in America. Let us, then, turn to the problem One of the corner stones of this plan of psychological warfare as practiced oi conquest is the hope that America against the Democracies, Freedom of will collapse from within because of press, of speech, and of assembly— the failure to achieve class unity. La- all censored or denied in totalitarian bor is stirred up against capital, and countries as a step in the psycho- capital against labor. Unfortunately, logical preparation of their own many people in this country are people— in democratic countries pro- caught in this trap because of already vide fertile soil in which to wage established prejudices along this line psychological warfare. of thinking, which, of course, invites The Axis program has three prin- propaganda of this character from cipal aims: (i) to increase conflict the enemies of this country, and disunity among us; (2) to pro- The second general aim of psy- duce anxiety, fear, and confusion; chological warfare, after divisions and (3) to produce apathy and dis- are fostered among the people, is to illusionment. produce anxiety, fear, and confusion. Just as the Axis strategy on the This is done through pointing out to battlefield is to divide and then to the victim the invincibility of the conquer, so on the psychological aggressor. It consists of a strong mili- front every possible device is em- tary power intimidating a weaker one ployed to promote disunity among into submission. The weak are told us. The starting points are our own oi the fate of other victims, and are latent prejudices. A few of the most warned of a worse fate, and im- common possibilities are racial, reli- pressed with the futility of resist- gious, political, national, and eco- ance. This "strategy of terror" has nomic class prejudices. The efforts been one of the crudest weapons of of the enemies of this country to stir the aggressors. If weak peoples still up racial hatreds are well known, and resisted after due warning, their fate PSYCOLOGICAL WARFARE 25 was as bad as promised and became been known to spread much propa- a warning to the next victim. ganda about some great action, such Terror is spread by several devic- as the move through the Balkans, es. Civilian bombing is perhaps the then the talk would subside, then it most dreadful. Bombs are even made would start up again and die down to scream to add to the terror. In- again. Finally, when everyone had cendiaries and delayed-action bombs become apathetic about it, they prolong and intensify the terror of would strike. Japan talked of arbi- mass raids. The threat of gas bombs trating her difficulties with United has also been used to advantage. States up until the very day the at- Fear has been spread by such tricks tack was made on Pearl Harbor. The as throwing images on the clouds Japanese have repeatedly tried to with huge lantern-slide projectors, disillusion the people of the United Little does a warring nation care States about the reliability of the re- whether its opponents are destroyed ports given them from the Navy as by bombs and shells or by psych olo- to losses. Japan's technique is to an- gical methods so long as they cease nounce— sometimes accurately, but resistance. Panic and a broken will often not— United States' naval los- to resist through actual combat or ses several days in advance of the war work is the aim of the ''strategy Navy's reports. In the battle of Java, of terror." If psychological victories in which United States losses were can be won, they are usually much severe, Japan announced them with less costly than actual mihtary con- some accuracy many days before our quests. It is difficult to estimate how report— the aim being to make it ap- much aggressor armies and machines pear to the people of this country have been spared by psychological that Japan forced the Navy to make victories of the propaganda bureaus, admissions it othenvise would not Confusion is spread by circulating J^^^e made. People should constant- all sorts of false news reports. Re- ^V ^^ ^n guard agamst this trick, re- ports from an opposing nation may membermg how important itis for say an attack will be made at a cer- ^"^ ^avy to avoid giving information tain time at a certain place. Then ^^ opposing nations, the place will be changed. When Another plan is to announce sev- sufficient confusion has been caused, eral days in advance the capture of an attack will be made at a wholly a certain city which is quite sure to unexpected place. Confusion makes be taken later. This forces a denial organized resistance more difficult, from the defenders at first, but an False reports have been circulated admission later when the city is ac- repeatedly in this war by nations tually taken— all of which, it is whose armies were locked in close hoped, will establish confidence in combat with those of other nations, the reliability of reports from the often successfully dispersing and opposing nations and a distrust of re- disorganizing the opposing forces. ports of one's own nation. Another The third aim of psychological trick of similar character, practiced warfare is to promote apathy and dis- by the Axis, is the announcement of illusionment. The Axis nations have false victories for the Democracies. 26 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 Since we are watchful for good news, ize how "pacifistic'' at heart we are, we may accept these reports, not sus- and they are sure to attempt to turn pecting their origin. Later, when this fine ideal to our destruction, reports prove untrue, we become dis- The defense against psychological illusioned and confused. warfare is as complicated as war it- The secretive way in which the self. Let us hope that some under- Axis powers plan campaigns often standing of what it is will aid in our lulls us into a sense of false security, resistance to it. However, civilians Our perilous plight of unprepared- can prepare themselves against it in ness during the early months of this some measure by abiding by the fol- war was our punishment for years of lowing suggestions: this weakness. Nations at war with First, keep reliably informed on the United States have taken great the daily news. Learn to check ha- advantage of our easy optimism and bitually the sources of all reports and uncritical self-sufficiency. We have to evaluate their content according failed to take a proper measure of to their source, those who are against us, and we Second, don't carry rumors. They have considerably overestimated the are the most unreliable source of security we have in extensive but un- news there is. Remember, most of developed material resources and them are planted by those opposed manpower. Nations opposing this to us, and they are meant to confuse country still feign weakness at times and mislead us. Always ask the ru- to lull us into this sense of false se- mor monger where he got his storv. curity and the resulting relaxation Write it down if it sounds vicious of effort. enough, then check it with your ci- Another potent psychological vilian defense authorities. You might weapon is the peace offensive, thus help to find fifth columnists. Should the United Nations appear Don't repeat rumors to your neigh- to be really about to win the war, a bors. strong bid for peace can surely be Third, speak constructively of de- expected from the Axis. The hope mocracy and its leaders. This doesn't will be to lull the Democracies back mean not to criticize, but it does into a sense of false security, while mean to learn to see and to speak of further preparation may be made to all that is good as well as that which attack them. The Axis nations real- needs correcting. <► FAITH AND COURAGE The following Christmas messaage by Nicholas Murray Butler may appropriately be carried into the new year: Christmas Day in this year of grace will be celebrated with civilization at the lowest mark in the history of modern times. This means that more than ever men of light and leading and insight must have faith and courage and hope. They must not and cannot let their faith weaken in those everlasting ideals which must rule any civilized and peace- ful world .... Little Stones that Change the Course of Rivers Ldh MarJer Hoggan NO river runs down to the sea A chance rock in an upland brook, without meeting with ob- ^^y change a river's course. And yet no stacles and interferences. And .. ^^^^' , „.,. i-r £ icM -i. J i.- -i-T- i. JNo, nor the batthng mountains of the world, no hfe fulfills Its destiny without Can hold it from its destiny, the sea. overcoming trials and hardships. Yet we chafe under restraint. We Though a stone may divert the resent interference. We become stream from its original channel, the frustrated when sorrow and disap- water flows around it and makes its pointment disrupt our plans. We way in and out, under and over, past feel that life should run smoothly stick and pebble and deadwood and for us. Why should our course be growing things, on and on until it hampered and blocked at every turn? reaches the surging sea. Why should obstacles be forever re- The picturesque cataract that tarding our progress? Are the very breaks in sparkling grandeur over a fates discriminating against us? jagged cliff and spills itself in lacy Know this, O friend, neither life rainbows down a mountain gorge, nor law discriminate against anyone, has gathered the very force that glori- We reach the high goals we set out fies it from the obstruction that to achieve through the conquest of blocked its way. difficulties. Said }. G. Holland: ^^ ^^^gpt the barriers on life's ,,, . , ^, ^, . ^, ^ y xx^ '' pathway as impediments to progress We rise by the thmes that are neath our 4 , i -, i r . i r r £gg|.. J ° IS to admit deteat betore we riave By what we have mastered of good and undertaken the journey. All lives gain. are beset by struggle and pain and By the pride deposed and the passion slain, sorrow. This is nature's way of And the vanquished ills that we hourly teaching US the things we need to meet know. We can't gain experience There is a native in his island home through the efforts of someone else, who believes that "the strength and Our joys and sorrows must come first valor of the enemy he kills passes hand. We have to work in order into himself." Symbolically, this is to learn to work. We have to suffer true. We gain strength and develop- ^ order to gain insight into life, ment from the conquest of difficult We have to pray in order to learn undertakings. Disappointments and what prayer means, delays are often the forces that are Real values come only through preparing us to assume responsi- earnest effort. Intellectual growth bilities of importance. We have to and spiritual development are not meet and overcome trials before we attained by listless wishing. Emer- are in readiness to accept the great son said: "The law of nature is, Do trusts. Said a great poet: the thing, and you shall have the Page 27 28 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 power: but they who do not the thing have not the power." It is not the reward, but the strug- gle that perfects us. Effort precedes efficiency, and "joy is in the quest." We are forever consoHng ourselves with alibis and excuses for the things we have failed to accomplish- Though we can not explain our weaknesses and failures away, even to ourselves, still we can overcome them and lift ourselves nearer to the ideal that we secretly cherish. Our strength of character is measured by our mastery of the trials we have met. What we think and feel and do puts its mark upon us with indelible fingers. Truly ''the gods we worship write their names on our faces." A SCOUTMASTER and some members of his troop were at- tending a rodeo. They stood on the sidelines one morning and watched a procession march gaily down the street. Decked in full regalia, a group of Indians from a nearby reservation headed the parade. Brilliant Navajo blankets covered their horses' backs in lieu of saddles. But nothing 'ex- cited the admiration of the on-lookers so much as the gorgeous war bonnets worn by the old Indian chieftains. These bonnets not only encircled their faces with bright feathers and other trophies, but also extended gracefully down their backs nearly to their feet. At the close of the parade a pomp- ous young man stepped up to one of the Indians and offered him a hand- ful of small coins for his war bonnet. The Indian silently shook his head. "Doesn't he understand the fel- low?" asked one of the scouts. "Yes," said the scoutmaster, that Indian speaks English as fluently as you or I do. But his war bonnet, like your merit badges, is not for sale. Every eagle feather, every weasel tail, every bear's claw in his bonnet is a sym- bol of some heroic accomplishment or brave deed. The headdress repre- sents years of effort and is a mark of honor and heroism. He would no more sell it than a king would sell his crown." The scouts understood, for each of them was wearing troph- ies that had cost him long hours of study and effort to obtain. They knew the delight that comes from a worthy achievement. Too often we adults miss the joy of some great accomplishment be- cause we lack the courage or confi- . dence to begin. We tell ourselves that we are too old or too busy or that we haven't the ability for such an undertaking. We let our fears and misgivings baffle us. We wall ourselves out from privileges we might enjoy. We permit lost oppor- tunities to taunt us, old age to fright- en us, ignorance to threaten us. Our mistakes rise up before us like shrouded ghosts in the darkness to accuse and intimidate us. Down with the wall! Banish the spectre! Forget the failures of yes- terday! Are we not God's children all? And have we not been assured that He will give us' strength and courage according to our need? To the valiant hearted there is no ultimate defeat. There is always a tomorrow. "True art," says Annie Pike Greenwood, "is in bringing some sort of triumph out of pain."* Even the Master knew Gethse- mane and the cross. But did He not rise to triumphant glory, to stand as the Savior of the world and as a guid- ing light to mankind forevermore? *Used by special permission of author. Justice Is a Group Affair Eva Willes Wangsgaard JUDITH RAWSON sat on a rag cept for that habit she had of wip- rug on the summer grass, wrap- ing her perfectly dry Hps with her ped in the warm, fruity smell of handkerchief; and the pink in her yellow roses, and thought about peo- cheeks was too bright. She'd be all pie and life. It had been long since right, though, and so would Artie she had had time to sit and think, whose thoughts were always slow, But now the examinations were over, but exact. and she was graduated, and there Judith left off thinking of her was a whole glorious afternoon for brother and sister and looked her very own. around. Then a teacher appeared She looked down at her gradua- and began writing questions on the tion dress made of white lawn with board, and Judith bent to her work a yoke of tucks and insertion and of writing answers on the paper that ruffles of Valenciennes lace; and she lay on her desk which had been pro- remembered how nearly she had vided for this purpose, come to not having it. That made All day the examinations went on. her recall Edna Silver and Edna's A large staff of teachers corrected pa- courageous words, and the beauty of pers as fast as they were handed in, those words caught in her throat and so by nighttime everyone knew tightened her chest; and the whole whether or not he had passed, school year, just past, began to un- To know was a relief, though fold in little scenes like stereopticon some of the kids failed and cried, or views. even got hysterical. Judith turned There was Crossburg the day of her eyes away from that memory, the examinations. The eighth She knew some of them, and it hurt graders from every town in the to remember, county met in the Crossburg Cen- But there were happier scenes. A tral schoolhouse in three crowded girl from Hillsdale got such high rooms, which had been thrown into marks that they called her a vale- one large hall by sliding the great dictorian, and she gave a speech at doors which made up their walls. the exercises. Maybe on some other Judith sat in the room at the south graduation day Judith could do that where the warm May sun crept for her class. through the Venetian blinds. When And here were her white lawn she looked for Margie, her sister, she dress and her hat of white chiffon found her in the center of the mid- pleated into a bandeau covered with die room, but no matter how she pink for-get-me-nots instead of the craned her neck, she couldn't see her blue ones Margie wore. But she al- brother, Artie. He must be in the most hadn't got them. . . . third room, and it was around a cor- Ever since she had entered Mr. ner so that only a triangle of it was Peterson's eighth grade, she had felt visible from where Judith sat. baffled. Mr. Peterson didn't believe Every student was tense with ex- in special promotions. Helen Tan- citement. Margie looked calm, ex- ner was somehow an exception. Page 29 30 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 Maybe that was because Mr. Peter- gie had been in another room that son taught her the year before; he was all seventh grade. Judith had had been promoted with the class, been sixth grade then. With two Helen was dainty and pretty, too, classes in one room there had been with her auburn curls and her gray more study time, and Judith had eyes that smiled flatteringly up at found it hard to keep out of mis- him from under long, dark, curled chief. lashes. Besides she was a whole year She had sat in one corner among older than Judith. a group of boys. The daily assign- "What do they think Fm running ments hadn't been nearly enough, so here? A kindergarten?" Mr. Peter- she had coached the whole group in son was tall and skinny with thin, . arithmetic until they were two forward-falling brown hair, and he months ahead. Then it wasn't fun flipped Judith's registration card as any more. Billy, Clyde, and Robert he spoke. had liked it at first, and they were Judith just stood there fingering good sports, too. They didn't care the pink ribbon that tied her yellow if Judith was a girl, but worked with braids into a swing, and lifted brown her anyway. But they lost interest, eyes to his spiral-like, blue-green ones, which refused to meet hers. CV^^ ^^Y J^^^i^h had finished the He wasn't ever openly cross; he last word in Sdi-Hdp by Sam- just hid behind soft prickles like uel Smiles, which Mr. Jerome had wild lettuce, so that the damp hand lent her. There wasn't a single thing of caution pressed always on her to do. Clyde was whittling a slender throat. stick into a "guinny." If she sometimes got too excited "Want it, Judy?" he had whis- and forgot and called out the an- pered. swer, he would say, "Grown-up peo- "Thanks. It's cute." Judith be- ple wait their turns. Only babies yell gan to tap the tiny stick with her for attention." Then her report card ruler. would read: Deportment Good or Mr. Jerome had sat down at his Fail. Not once had there been an desk to check a lesson. Judith had Excdhnt or a Very Good the way slid into the aisle and had given the her studies said. toy harder and harder taps. It had Father had talked and talked to leaped and fallen with a small, her about it, but she didn't know dropped pencil sound. Suddenly it how to change. Father said, 'Teach- had gone sailing through the air and ers are always right." had lit, plop, on Mr. Jerome's book. Last year it had been different, be- Judith had slipped instantly back cause Mr. Jerome had been kind and into her seat and seized a book. Mr. wise like Father generally was. Even Jerome had picked up the offending his hair curled in happy little curls, toy and had held it before his face, and his eyes were warm and blue. "A 'guinny' is a dangerous play- Last year there had been two classes thing, even on the school ground," in one room— one sixth and one sev- he said. He pressed his forefinger up enth grade. Artie had been in the and down on one sharp point. Then, seventh with Mr. Jerome, but Mar- "Here, Judith. Dispose of it." JUSTICE IS A GROUP AFFAIR 31 If he had pricked her with the and was still for a long moment, "guinny," Judith couldn't have been Then he went on conducting class, more startled and ashamed, nor At promotion time Mr. Jerome could she have jumped more quick- had decided harder work would be ly. She had walked to the desk, better for Judith. So he had jumped though, and, taking the "guinny" her into the eighth grade, from his outstretched hand, had But Mr. Peterson didn't look at dropped it into the wire wastebas- things that way. He resented both ket. The incident was closed, and her energy and her youngness. He Mr. Jerome hadn't marked down her resented all of her. report card. He knew how hard she This year all three of the Rawson tried to hold herself back. children were in the same room. But afterwards Judith discovered Judith hung around Margie too that there were interesting texts in much, but there were no other com- the seventh grade desks and bor- panions in the room. She missed last rowed one often. And she listened year's kids. to seventh grade discussions instead Some of these kids were old— sev- of getting into trouble. enteen and eighteen. They stayed Even that proved embarrassing, at home so often to work in fields though. and orchards. Artie often stayed One day when Mr. Jerome was di- home to look after things while Fa- recting a seventh grade geography ther was away, but Judith and Mar- class he asked, ''What article nee- gie seldom missed a day. So Margie essary in manufacturing is entirely was just right. It was Judith and absent in Brazil?" Artie who were out of place. The class had sat too still. No And there was Edna Silver who hands were raised. was an orphan and lived with a cross Then up went Judith's hand. aunt. The other children in the Mr. Jerome's kind eyes looked room told tales about how much tired. Maybe he was wondering what work she had to do each day before the child could want now. Maybe she came to school, and lots and he was weary because the seventh lots of days she didn't get there at graders were unprepared. But he all. Judith had often helped her with decided to settle Judith first. lessons at recess, because Judith was "What is it?" he asked. often lonely and didn't know how "Coal," answered Judith. to mix with these new kids. Two rows of seventh grade faces Edna learned well too. Some of came up at once and stared at Ju- the other big girls couldn't learn dith. Three rows of sixth grade stu- even when you tried your hardest, dents quit studying and giggled. Ju- because they couldn't forget that dith dropped her hot face on her they were older than you. But Edna desk and felt the cool, smooth touch wasn't like that. She thought of the of the maple top. work, not herself, and stuck with Ju- Mr. Jerome raised his brows, dith no matter how often Judith had "Where did you learn that?" to go over a thing. And she \yas "I read it." eighteen, too. She was a nice gid, "Well, you're correct," he said, but too old to play with Judith. 32 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 Lizzie Shaw was Margie's play- mate—she and Helen Tanner. But Lizzie didn't want Margie's little sister along and often made it plain that what she said was not for Ju- dith's ears. Helen Tanner was all right when she and Judith studied together. But she acted just like Lizzie when it was recess time and she didn't need her. School wasn't nearly so much fun as it had been last year. But Mr. Pe- terson puzzled Judith more than the pupils did. When the class was in diagram- ing, Lizzie, Margie, Helen, and Ju- dith read the text and went ahead almost without trouble. But if they ever got stuck, Mr. Peterson was al- ways busy. It didn't matter much, though. One of them always found the help they needed by reading the book again. One day, Mr. Peterson was put- ting a diagram on the board. He made a mistake. Lizzie's hand went up. She was like that. Things were never correct or incorrect to Lizzie. They were right or wrong, and must be set straight. So she told Mr. Pe- terson. He was quiet and went very pale. Finally, "How would you do it?" he asked. Lizzie drew the correct diagram. Judith, Margie, and Helen nodded. Mr. Peterson said, "Well, that's right, too. Just be careful to have a reason for your diagram." Lizzie opened her mouth, then shut it tight and plunked into her seat, and the lesson went on. There was a lot of work to be done in the eighth grade and Judith liked it, but she wasn't happy. She felt choked. There were too many ways for Mr. Peterson to show what he thought of special promotion stu- dents, like asking Judith if she didn't need a rest when you could hear the younger students out at recess. Once after he had said that, Ju- dith stood by the steps not feeling like joining in any of the games at all. Edna Silver had come up and put her arm around Judith's shoul- der. "Don't let it bother you, Judy," she said. "You're all right. Keep right on going. You're the kind that can. I can't, but part of me will fol- low you however far you go. Now run and play." Judith smiled and ran. "lyHEN the report cards for the third term came out, Judith opened hers eagerly. She'd tried to be good, and maybe Mr. Peterson had noticed. But she held it down and stared at the wall. The subjects weren't so bad. You either got your lessons and passed your examinations with high marks or low, but deport- ment was different. That was the teacher's opinion. Now it was lower than ever and stood out like a stump in the snow— P for Poor. Father would be disappointed and so would Mother. They had said that she couldn't have a new dress for graduation if she didn't improve in behavior. It was no use to talk. Teacher was always right. "It didn't matter how much you learned if you didn't know how to live," Father had said. Judith thought and thought. She could find no reason for such a low mark. She had "called out" a few times, but so many, many times she had succeeded in holding back even when she was the only one who wanted to answer! She guessed Mr. JUSTICE IS A GROUP AFFAIR 33 Peterson was right. Kids shouldn't get ahead of themselves. Margie would have her new dress now, and Judith would have to wear an old one, if they let her go to the exercises at all. Still, maybe it was a mistake. Hope struck a small match. It didn't seem fair, and teachers did some- times make mistakes in copying, just as students did. She'd go and ask him. Anyway, she might find out what was wrong so that she could improve the last term. If she did, maybe she could have her new dress after all. But Mr. Peterson wouldn't notice her. Other children were around his desk, and he kept taking new ones even after Judith was sure that it was her turn. When she tried to get attention, Mr. Peterson said, ''Don't push like a baby." There was nothing to do but wait. She pushed the tears back so that she wouldn't be a baby. She felt an arm around her and looked up into Edna Silver's quiet eyes. Edna took Judith's report card, glanced at it, and handed it back. How long she had been listening and watching, Judith didn't know. But now she was speaking to Mr. Pe- terson. ''What's wrong with Judith's be- havior? I think she's a good little kid. I've learned a lot from her." She sounded defiant, but she wasn't. She was just earnest. That was evident by the light in her fine, grey eyes; and something in her voice made Mr. Peterson listen. Silence stretched like an elastic band between them, then snapped, and Edna continued, "Children are a sacred trust. They have a right to fairness and to understanding." A change came over her face. "We can't play favorites. I know one who wouldn't get such good marks if she didn't borrow Judith Rawson's eraser so often during tests." Helen Tanner was putting her books into her sack. She gave Edna a swift look, and hurried out of the room with one book still in her hand. Judith stood fascinated. Mr. Pe- terson had the same look he had on his face the day Lizzie corrected the diagram. But Edna stood tall on her convictions, and the color flamed high in her cheeks. She wasn't fight- ing for Judith alone. "Ahem! Ahem!" Mr. Peterson cleared his throat, but found noth- ing to say. Edna hadn't finished. "Whether you play fair with Judith or not isn't just between you and the child. Justice is a group affair, and wc old- er students expect to see justice done." Mr. Peterson looked out into the room, then dropped his eyes and went on making little fishes with his pencil on a blotter on his desk. Judith looked up. Almost every older student in the room stood in a little group in the rear looking at Edna with approving eyes. Artie was among them, straight r.nJ tall, with his large blue eyes almost violet with concern, and those crooked little lines above his nose deeper than she had ever seen them. Judith choked and tears spilled over and ran down her cheeks. The older kids were wonderful! And all this time that she had been con- cerned only with herself, they had known and cared. (Continued on page 75) Woman's Sphere Ramona W. Cannon \\TYTH time, woman's sphere has expanded from the primitive dugout to the whole intelHgent uni- verse. In today's world, woman is laborer, mechanic, soldier, doctor, lawyer, scientist, statesman, nurse, teacher, philosopher, poet. Never has she had such power to shape the destiny of men and of nations. God grant she may use her strength wisely and kindly and justly in helping to rebuild the shattered world! R I ENSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, the oldest engin- eering college in the nation, now— for the first time— is admitting women both to the student body, and to the faculty. N the University of Southern Cali- fornia two departments are head- ed by women: the German, by Mrs. Ruth Day, and the Latin by Dr. Ruth Brown. jyj RS. E. O. HOWARD, "mother" of Salt Lake's beautiful Mem- ory Park, which hallows the memory of the dead heroes of World War I, has lost a grandson in the present conflict. In the former war her only son, a captain in the American forces, died in the Argonne just before the Armistice. His only son, who was born shortly after his father's death, a flyer in the Eagle Squadron, gave his life in this struggle. WENDELL L. WILLKIE report- ed that Mme, Chiang Kai-shek is the only individual he ever met whose personality far exceeds the build-up of press agents. America feels high enthusiasm for the visit Page 34 of this wise, sympathetic Chinese woman who has stood beside her husband in battle and counseled him in his overwhelming difficulties. nPHE entire personnel of one air- craft factory in Britain is made up of women. jyjRS. JULIA ELLERTSON ROB- INSON, 94, died recendy in Salt Lake City. TN the American Bundles for Brit- ain campaign, the Red Cross con- tributions alone have totaled $31,- 000,000. 'pHE WAACs are to be increased from 25,000 to 150,000. 'T^HE spirited young Russian sniper. Lieutenant Lyudmilla Pavlich- enko, has captivated American audi- ences by her intelligence, character, and sincerity. She fights to preserve home and country. She hopes to marry and rear a family after the war. r\ONNA D. SORENSEN, former counselor in the General Presi- dency of Relief Society, and a pres- ent General Board member, and Le- ona F. Wintch, General Board member, have each recently given birth to a son. PHILOSOPHY in a New Key: a Study in the Symbolism of Rea- son, Rite, and Art is a new scientific book of worth and originality by Dr. Suzanne K. Langer of Radcliffe Col- lege. One challenging idea in this book is that ''man can adapt himself somehow to anything that his imag- ination can cope with." EDITORIAL Vol. 30 JANUARY. 1943 No. 1 c/l I iev;> dieart a ^^r^AST away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit . . . ." The end of a year is a favorable time to ''cast away . . . transgres- sions" and seek to make ''a new heart and a new spirit/' for there is encour- agement in viewing the events of the past year as being behind one and re- garding the new year that lies ahead much as a book, unmarred and un- marked, containing three hundred and sixty-five blank pages on which will be written defeats or triumphs, retrogression or progress. It is true that many of the events which may affect one during the coming year arise through no voli- tion of the individual; but the pages of this yearbook will glow with beauty or be drab and even ugly— not because of events that may transpire, but according to the manner in which the individual meets these events. The most luminous page may shine with faith developed from experiencing one of life's darkest tragedies. This life is a time of testing and proving whether or not one is a true -Latter-day Saint. "I the Lord search the heart, I try the reins, even to give every man according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings." To write a yearbook worthy of a Latter-day Saint, one must contin- ually study the Gospel and seek to live a life in accordance with its teachings. The more one studies, the more clearly do one's own faults and even transgressions cry out for correction. In this inward searching, the first examination may well reveal failings manifested in the home in one's daily life. Is there need of more patience and understanding for nd a I lew Spirit loved ones, or is there the need for more firmness and discipline? Is a resolution wanted to make every minute count? Brigham Young once said ''that our time was all we could call our own, we should have to give an account of it, and therefore wc should use it to the best possible advantage in assisting to build up the Kingdom of God on earth." On the other hand, should more time be devoted to the home the better to guard it, should more care be given to train one's children more perfect- ly in the laws and principles of the Gospel, in having family prayers and in studying the scriptures? One may also resolve to more fre- quently visit the sick, seek to bring cheer to the afflicted and comfort to the sorrowing, and to more faithful- ly attend to one's Ghurch duties. But perhaps it is wisdom not to un- dertake too many resolutions at once, although one does naturally continually strive to improve in many ways. One or two resolutions faithfully kept are better than many abandoned before the keeping has become a habit. It is well, finally, when making a resolution to live and plan for the day alone and let the to- morrows wait until they in turn be- come today. The present moment is the only time that must be lived. If then as each succeeding year advances, resolutions are made and kept looking toward improvement and development, these resolutions will, in time, serve as stepping stones to a better life; and the yearbooks will glow ever brighter illuminating u character striving to obey that great dictum, "Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect."— M.C.S. O^Jjidu TO THE FIELD JLeaflets on dxealth, uiome I Lursing ana cfirst kA^ki to be 'JjistriDutea in Q/eoruary[, igjfS r^ONTINUING the century-long tides in the recommended hst of interest and activity of the Re- supphes and need only to take stock lief Society in health and nursing, of the supplies which are on hand, the General Board urges that all to assemble them in a receptacle families take precautions to preserve which is easy to carry and keep them health through such means as proper in a safe and readily accessible place, nutrition, adequate clothing and The leaflet includes excerpts, re- bedding, and general care, suggests printed with permission from the that all families, insofar as possible, American Red Cross First Aid Text provide themselves with first aid Book, describing the various articles supplies, and advises the women to recommended for the family first- take courses in first aid or home nurs- aid kit and explaining their uses, ing, or both, and to cooperate with Demonstration oi First-Aid Sup- their local Relief Societies in the es- pJies at February Work-and-Business tablishment of home nursing supply Meeting: All Relief Societies in war chests. These suggestions are of spe- risk areas, and all others desiring to cial importance during the present do so, are requested to conduct a war conditions because of possibility demonstration of the articles recom- of disaster or epidemic, and because mended for the family first-aid kit. of curtailment of hospital and nurs- This demonstration is scheduled ing service for civilians, making it for the February work-and-business necessary to depend to great extent meeting, unless otherwise an- on home nursing. Relief Society vis- nounced, and where possible is to be iting teachers, when making regular conducted by an individual ac- visits for the month of February, quainted with first-aid practices who will leave at each home a leaflet on will explain the use of the various these matters issued by the General articles and demonstrate the making Board of Relief Society. of triangular bandages and splints, so First-Aid Kits for Families: The that these articles can be made in leaflet contains a recommended list Relief Society work meeting (or in of first-aid supplies for families, not the home) and added to the family only those families in war risk areas first-aid kit along with articles which but families in all other areas as well, are purchased, for use in case of accident or house- Relief Society Home-Nursing Sup- hold emergencies. It is recognized ply Chest: The General Board rec- that it may not at all times be pos- ommends that every ward Relief So- sible to procure all the articles listed, ciety wherever located arrange to ac- but it is suggested that families pro- cumulate a supply of articles ordi- vide themselves with such articles narily needed for home nursing in and partial quantities as can be pro- case of sickness or disability, such cured. Many families doubtless al- articles to be either rented or loaned ready have on hand most of the ar- according to circumstances of fam- Page 36 NOTES TO THE FIELD 37 ilies using the supply. Believing that many families have such articles which are not in use and which they would be willing to give or lend to Relief Society supply chests, partic- ularly at the present time when some articles cannot be procured by pur- chase, a survey form accompanies the leaflet to be distributed by visiting teachers in February upon which families may specify such articles as they would be willing to give or lend to such a home-nursing supply chest. Adequate Bedding ioi Ml L. D. S. Families: During the past few years, many stake and ward Relief Soci- eties, at the suggestion of their re- spective Church Welfare Commit- tees, have conducted bedding pro- jects to encourage and assist all fam- ilies within their boundaries to be well equipped with good beds and bedding. The Relief Society now urges all families to make a follow- up check of their bedding facilities and make an effort to provide them- selves with any additional bedding which is needed. Comfortable and adequate bedding is particularly needed at this time because of cur- tailment of the fuel supply in many communities due to exigencies of war and because of the need for pro- tecting the health of every individu- al during this war period while nurs- ing and medical facilities and sup- plies are limited. Because of present conditions with respect to labor, ma- terials, and war production, only those bedding supplies which are currently needed should be pro- cured at this time. Suggestions have been issued to ward Relief Societies for cooperative plans whereby mem- bers supplying their own materials may have quilting done at Relief Society meetings. Women Advised to Take Courses in First Aid and Home Nursing: The General Board of Relief Society again advises that all women able to do so take the Red Cross course in first aid or home nursing, or both. Many Relief Societies are arranging with the local Red Cross chapter for these courses to be given in the wards, and members may make in- quiry of their local Relief Society president or their local Red Cross chapter concerning such courses. Other Reeommendations Applic- able Only in War Risk Areas: The General Board recommends that in war risk areas, ward Relief Societies procure ward first-aid supplies to be kept under jurisdiction of the Relief Society in ward meetinghouses. A recommended list of such supplies for these areas is contained in a bul- letin dated December 29, 1942 and sent to all stake, ward, and mission Relief Society presidents. This bul- letin also recommended that in war risk areas at least one woman in each stake be called to prepare herself as a Red Cross first-aid instructor who will conduct first-aid classes for the convenience of the women in the lo- cal wards of the stake. In these areas an additional survey is to be made by the visiting teachers in February to ascertain supplies which families would be able to make available, upon call of the ward Relief Society president, for use in case of emer- gency entailing temporary housing other than in homes. Accordingly, in sections considered by stake or mission authorities to be war risk areas, a special survey form for this purpose will accompany the leaflet to be distributed by the visiting teachers during the month of Feb- ruary. 38 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 [Petitions on Sdnfc The General Board of Relief So- ciety is cooperating with the Nation- al Council of Women in petitioning the Office of Price Administration to require that goods bear informa- tive labels clearly stating what an article is, of what it is made, how it or ma live JLaheling is made, what service it will give, and how it should be cared for. All Re- lief Society members in the United States can help achieve this desirable goal by signing petitions which will be explained and circulated at a Re- lief Society meeting. Suggestive LProgram for Sunday fe IN a letter dated April 26, 1942, the First Presidency designated the evening meeting of Fast Sundays for use by the auxiliary or- ganizations. At a meeting of the general executives of the auxiliaries, the Fast Sunday evening meetings of November and March were as- signed to Relief Society. Ward Re- lief Society presidents may therefore consult their respective bishops and ask for permission to arrange for a Relief Society meeting on the eve- ning of March 7, 1943. This is a very favorable Sunday on which to pre- sent a Relief Society program, com- ing as it does on the first Sunday of Relief Society anniversary month. The General Board submits the following suggestive program for use on this evening. Wards desiring to plan their own programs are at lib- erty to do so. Much of the material for the sug- gested program is drawn from The American Citizens Handbook rec- ommended for use in the social sci- ence course, ''What 'America' Means." The objective of the pro- gram is to show that the cause of freedom is the cause of Christ. Democracy finds its fullest expression in the roots of religion, which has ever em- phasized the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man. For democracy to reach its highest fruition, our society must include that larger liberty preached so ay KDvemng, 1 1 Larch 7, igj^S eloquently by the Hebrew prophets and by Jesus. (American Citizens Handbook, page 16.) As planned, the program will hon- or the boys in the service, their par- ents, wives, and children. It is sug- gested that seats be reserved at the meeting for the honored families and that Relief Society presidents consult their respective bishops con- cerning a display of pictures of ward members who are now in the serv- ice, if such pictures are not already on display in the chapel. The flag of our nation should also be promi- nently displayed. Mimeographed copies of the program for use by the audience would add greatly to the success of the program. In order to insure a large attend- ance, it is recommended that visit- ing teachers on their regular Febru- ary visits invite all ward members to be present at this meeting and that advance announcements of this meeting be made in Relief Society and other ward gatherings. Relief So- ciety members should particularly be urged to attend. The patriotic theme of the program is timely and should appeal to all, both old and young. The program will be more effec- tive if regular ward announcements to be made at the meeting are made preliminary to its presentation. NOTES TO THE FIELD 39 Program America, A Christian Nation Latter-day Saint Concept of the Present Crisis I. Opening Remarks (five minutes) -Member of Relief Society Presi- dency. II. Hymn: ''America''— Congregation. III. Invocation. IV. Musical Selection. V. Foreword— A Young Woman. VI. Talk: 'The American Way of Life is the Christian Way of Life." (lo minutes)— Member of Melchizedek Priesthood. America is great because of the ideals which the pioneers estabhshed for its homes, for its schools, and for its democratic community hfe. — The American Citizens Handbook, p. 6. VII. Singing: "Recessional/' by DeKoven— Relief Society Singing Moth- ers. VIII. Talk: "Our Church Stands Ever Ready to Defend the Cause of Freedom." (lo minutes)— Relief Society Officer or Member. We wield not the bloody sword of man, brutal with conquest and drunk with power, but the white sword of God, flaming with His truth and healing while it slays. — From "Credo," The American Citizens Handbook, p. 71. IX. Reading: "Credo" by Elias Lieberman, The American Citizens Handbook, pages 70-71— Soldier (if available). X. Singing: Patriotic Number— Relief Society Singing Mothers. XL Talk: "Our Boys As Missionary-Soldiers." (5 minutes)— A Young Woman. I want every Latter-day Saint soldier to get down on his knees and pray God to help him to lead a clean life, and to preach the Gospel while he is in the Army. — Pres. Heber J. Grant, "Conference Address," October 5, 1941. It grieves me deeply that it is necessary for thousands of our boys to go into the army, I hope and pray that they will go out with the missionary spirit, maintain their ideals, and come back to us as sweet and clean as when they went away. — Pres. Heber J. Grant, "Conference Address," April 1942. XII. "Our Flag" (short tribute) -Boy Scout. XIII. Singing: ''Star Spangled Banner"— Congregation. XIV. Conclusion— A Young Woman. America first, not merely in matters material, but in things of the spnit. — The American Citizens Handbook, p. 61. XV. Benediction. Suggestions for Presenting the Program The above program may be pre- to the facilities of the various wards, sented v^ith or without special seen- The opening remarks by a mem- ic and lighting effects and with or ber of the ward Relief Society presi- without special costumes according dency should briefly welcome those 40 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 in attendance, point out the theme and objective of the program and explain that it is the outgrowth of one of the Rehef Society courses of study of the past year, ''What 'America' Means." She should also announce that the families of ward members who are in the service are being honored, giving the number of ward members who are in the ser- vice. It is suggested that the person who offers the invocation be advised in advance^ that the theme of the program is patriotic. The foreword to be given by a young woman (in patriotic costume if desired) is adapted from "You, at This Moment," The American Citi- zens Handbook^ page 4, as follows: You, at this moment, have the honor to belong to a generation whose lips have been touched by fire. The human race now passes through one of its greatest crises. New ideas, new issues, a new call for men to carry on the work of righteous- ness— all these have come and are daily coming to you. When you are old, however, memory brings back this moment to your minds, let it be able to say to you That was a great moment.' This country in its crisis called for men and women of faith in God, of patience in service, of charity and of insight. I responded to the call however best I could. I gave myself to the Mas- ter, to the cause of humane and brave living. For the talk "The American Way of Life is the Christian Way of Life," see The American Citizens Handbook, page 6, et passim; also an address by Elder Stephen L Rich- ards, Deseiet News, Church Edi- tion, June 6, 1942. The following excerpts from the address by Elder Richards are particularly appropriate for use in this talk: This is a Christian nation. America had its inception in Christian principles and doctrines; it was founded, nurtured and built by Christian men and women, Christian concepts have been incorporat- ed into its basic laws and institutions and its loftiest ideals and purposes are but the expression of Christian virtue. We hear a lot of talk nowadays about the American way of life. What is this American way of life? Is it anything oth- er than the Christian way of life? If it differs essentially, if it contemplates some- thing other than Christian liberty under law, then I'm not so enthusiastic to have my sons fight for it. I believe, however, that you will find on analysis that this American way of life we prize so highly is in reality a Christian concept .... Re- straints are supposed to be imposed by self-discipline rather than exterior force. People are free to make their own choices, endowed with a freedom that can be cur- tailed or limited only as may be necessary to assure the same freedom to all ... . I make the assertion that we cannot hope to obtain that great spiritual support which we now so sorely need except upon the basis of truly Christian living. I think this to be so necessary because, as I in- terpret the issues at stake, we are really fighting a religious war. I think that our armies on the battlefields of the world and our civilian army here at • home are really fighting to preserve the cause of Christ in the earth. I know they may not be conscious of such an objective. I wish they were. Since this talk is to be followed by the singing of "Recessional," it would be well for the speaker to re- fer to what usually happens when men forget their dependence upon God. She might even quote from the "Recessional," saying that it is to be sung following her talk. Following the rendition of the "Recessional," the talk "Our Church Stands Ever Ready to Pre- serve the Cause of Freedom," is presented. In this talk it is suggested that the speaker explain how our Church has always stood by our NOTES TO THE FIELD 41 country in her hour of need. Refer- ence could be made to the Mormon Battalion and the history connected with it. At this point, someone in the background representing Presi- dent Brigham Young might speak, first apparently addressing Captain Allen in these words: You shall have your battalion, Captain Allen, and if there are not young men enough we will take the old men, and if they are not enough we will take the wom- en. Brigham Young might next appear to address members of the Mormon Battalion as follows: I want to say to every man, the con- stitution of the United States as framed by our Fathers was dictated, was revealed, was put into their hearts by the Al- mighty, and I tell you it is as good as ever I could ask for. I say unto you, magnify the laws. There is no law in the United States or in the Constitution but I am ready to make honorable. Following the statements by Brig- ham Young, the speaker might con- tinue, pointing out that at the time of World War I, President Joseph F. Smith said: I believe it is righteous and just for every people to defend their own hves and their own liberties, and their own homes, with the last drop of their blood. I be- lieve that the Lord will sustain any people trying to preserve their wives and their children from the ravages of war. At the conclusion of the talk "Our Church Stands Ever Ready to De- fend the Cause of Freedom," the ''Credo" by Elias Lieberman, The American Citizens Handbook, pp. 70-71, would be very effective read by a soldier, if one is available— this to be followed by a patriotic num- ber from the Relief Society Singing Mothers. The talk ''Our Boys As Missionary- Soldiers," to be given by a young woman, could explain what some of the ideals are that can be fostered in service men by the girls at home. The following brief excerpt from a letter recently written to a mother by her son who is serving his country over- seas might be read: I wish it were possible to tell you in person how much I depend upon my Heavenly Father for guidance and inspira- tion; how each day the Gospel means more and more to me. During these dis- tressing times and periods of temptation the principles which you and father have taught me through deeds and words are always before me, and they serve as a real stabilizer. I feel I am able to be tolerant without compromising; to segregate the good from the evil, for I understand the source. Humbly I feel that through the help of the Lord and you dear ones at home I am able to be an influence for good. For the short tribute "Our Flag," which should precede the singing by the congregation of the "Star Spangled Banner," see the short ar- ticle, "Respect the Flag," The Amer- ican Citizens Handbook, p. 151. During this tribute, the flag, which has been in evidence during the evening, might be spotlighted and an electric fan used to make it wave as the congregation sings our national anthem. At the conclusion of the singing, while the audience remains stand- ing, the same young woman who gave the foreword should give the conclusion, as follows: America first, not merely in matters ma- terial, but in things of the spirit. Not merely in science, inventions, motors, and skyscrapers, but also in ideals, principles, and character. Not merely in the calm assertion of rights, but in the glad as- 42 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 sumption of duties. No flaunting her strength as a giant, but bending in help- fulness over a sick and wounded world like a Good Samaritan .... Not in tread- ing again the old, worn, bloody, pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and dis- aster, but in blazing a new trail along which, please God, other nations will fol- low, into the new Jerusalem where wars shall be no more. Some day, some na- tion must take that path — unless we are to lapse into utter barbarism — and that honor I covet for my beloved America. The Ameiican Citizens Handbook, p. 61. The speaker then looks heaven- ward as she voices this prayer by the poet Longfellow: Lord, let war's tempest cease, Fold the whole world in peace Under Thy wings. Make all the nations one. All hearts beneath the sun. Till Thou shalt reign alone, Great King of Kings. It is suggested that no closing song be sung and that the benediction follow Longfellow's prayer. The estimated time required for the presentation of the complete program as outlined is one and one- half hours. It is suggested that wards desiring to give less time to the pre- sentation of the program either omit the talk, ''Our Boys As Missionary- Soldiers/' or combine its message with the talk, "Our Church Stands Ever Ready to Defend the Cause of Freedom." The tribute to the flag might also be eliminated in the in- terest of time. Suggestions for appropriate musi- cal numbers will be found in The Reliei Society Magazine, December 1942, pp. 868-870. IPubiication of JLeads for C^lass JLeaders ^Delayed 'pHE Reliei Society Magazine^ September 1942, pp. 640, 655, announced that a new book, "Leads for Class Leaders," to be issued by the Relief Society General Board, would be ready for use sometime during the fall, 1942. The General Board sincerely re- grets that due to unavoidable cir- cumstances work on the book was delayed, making publication impos- sible during the fall of 1942 as an- nounced. It is the present plan of the General Board to issue the book in time for use during the next edu- cational year, which begins in Octo- ber 1943. iblder (Stephen JL Uxichards JLectures Kyver cKSJL OEGINNING Sunday evenhig, December 27, 1942, and con- tinuing each Sunday for several weeks. Elder Stephen L Richards, of the Council of the Twelve, is deliver- ing on the regular Sunday evening broadcasting time of the Church, over radio station KSL, at 9:15 M.W.T., a series of lectures entitled "The Church in War and Peace." The broadcast originates in the Tabernacle on Temple Square. Special vocal music is under the direction of J. Spencer Cornwall, director of the Tabernacle choir, with Alexander Schreiner, Taber- nacle organist, at the console of the great organ. This broadcast should be of interest and value to all Church members inasmuch as the lectures give Gospel interpretations of present-dav situations. NOTES TO THE FIELD 43 lUessage of 3first [Presidency [PuUisked in ujookiet cyorm 'PHE message from the First Presi- dency delivered in the Taber- nacle, Saturday, October 3, 1942, during the opening session of the 113th Semi-Annual General Con- ference of the Church, has been pub- lished in convenient booklet form, size 3x4^'', and distributed to Lat- ter-day Saint families throughout the Church, to missionaries, and to Lat- ter-day Saint men in the service. The General Board expresses its appreciation to the First Presidency for making this important message available in such convenient and attractive form. Relief Society members are urged to read the message carefully and thoughtfully, and it is suggested that mothers discuss it v^ith their families. The counsel and guidance given on drink and the Word of Wisdom, chastity, parenthood, unity, and the war are of vital importance to us to- day. The message to the men in the armed service, and the blessing, com- mendation, and comfort given to officers and members of the Church are of inestimable worth. Uielief Society [Presidents to Encourage Use of ilev^ [Book, [Recreation in the cKi OELIEF SOCIETY presidents are requested to cooperate in the distribution and use of the new book ''Recreation in the Home'' re- cently published by the General Boards of the auxiliary organizations of the Church. Coming at a time when the use of automobiles is restricted and when other conditions incident to the war make it necessary for us to be re- sourceful and economical in our re- creational activities, the book meets a present-day need. It contains many new games and many old favorites, and is fertile in suggestions for many other types of recreation. Games and other activ- ities included in the book can be played and enjoyed by large and small groups of all ages, with a mini- mum amount of equipment, work, and expense required. ome To aid in the distribution and use of the book, ward Relief Society presidents are asked to announce its publication at one of the regular Relief Society meetings, preferably a work-and-business meeting, calling attention to its content and its value for use in the home and for larger groups. It is also recommended that the book be used in planning Relief Society parties or other social activ- ities, thus demonstrating its value. Relief Society officers and mem- bers should not only know that there is such a book, but should own and use it. "Recreation in the Home'' may be purchased from the Relief Society General Board, 28 Bishop's Building, or from the general offices of the other Church auxiliary organiza- tions. Price 25 cents, postpaid. 44 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 cJhe II Lormon uianaicraft Shop n^HE Mormon Handicraft Shop is nancially, who would appreciate your shop, estabhshed to help having a little extra money of her Relief Society women. Are you sup- own to spend? This is made possible porting it? There are three ways in by sending her articles to be sold, which you can help the Shop: First, The second way in which you may the Shop must have articles to sell, help the Shop is to buy there when- *such as pillowcases with lovely white ever possible. When you need a dis- crocheted edges, quilts, attractive tinctive handmade gift, reasonably aprons, exquisite clothing for babies, priced, it can be found at the Shop, useful hot pads, fine handkerchiefs, Remember, this is a day of advertis- etc. When articles are beautifully ing. Never miss an opportunity to made, of suitable, good material, and tell your neighbors and friends about of desired colors, they will sell readi- Mormon Handicraft. Third, you ly. The Shop can now use many may help the Shop by paying the an- such articles. You can encourage nual membership fee of $i. Many women to make these lovely articles of our wards are paying this yearly to be sold. Have you found that fee, and in so doing are helping to lonely sister or the one who is home- support this worthy project. May we bound and have you encouraged her add your ward to our list of Mormon to make some lovely and useful ar- Handicraft supporters? We feel, tide? This interest would mean a especially, that wards in close proxi- great deal in her life. How about the niity to the Shop should support it in sister who needs to help herself fi- every possible way. J/iuxiiiaryi JLeaaers ^Protest Lrictunzation of Smoking ana jDnnking T TNDER date of November 14, 1942, the following letter signed by the general presidencies and superintendencies of the Church auxiliary organizations, was sent to Mr. Will H. Hays, of the nation's film industry, protesting the picturization of smoking, drinking, and vulgarity in films. These auxiliary leaders represent a total active membership of 747,688 men, women, and children. The increasing use in motion pictures of tobacco and alcoholic beverages is alarming, and it is in recognition of the effect of this upon youth that the auxiliary leaders ask that an effort be made to eliminate these items from the films as far as possible: Mr. Will H. Hays November 14, 1942 28 West 44th Street New York, New York Dear Mr. Hays: For some time the auxiliary organizations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints have been alarmed at the increasing use in motion pictures of alcoholic bev- erages and tobacco. By the constant presentation of drinking and smoking on the screen the wholesome resistance of youth and childhood is being broken down. NOTES TO THE FIELD 45 Drama is one of the cultural fields with which we have full sympathy and in which some of our organizations work extensively among the young people. We know of the immense influence of dramatic representation on the human mind. It is conceded that in some situations the use of tobacco and liquor might legitimately give a truer picture of life, although our own standards lead us to ban these articles from the stage. Inci- dentally, we have been pleased to see that plays do not suffer thereby. A talented group of professional and amateur players recently put on "The Man Who Came to Dinner," without smoking, drinking, profanity or vulgarity, and without lessening, strange as it may seem, the humor m the shghtest. We know, therefore, that a great decrease in the use of tobacco and alcohol on the stage can be accomplished if there is the will to do it, and we earnestly petition you to set standards that will reduce these harmful things to the minimum. Although most states, perhaps all, have statutes forbidding the use of tobacco or alcoholic drinks by minors, yet whenever a drink is taken in a play, or cigarette lighted, especially by actors who represent to the young patrons almost everything desirable in life, a definite impact is made on their resistance to observe the law. The liquor and tobacco interests know the power of such example and of course do everything to extend the use of these articles in the business of the play. It is most unfortunate that the great institution of motion pictures, with its immeasurable educa- tional and character forming influence, should be used to promote this evil. That is truly a breach of its great trust. Our responsibility to childhood and youth besides giving them the spiritual train- ing to prepare them for eternal life, includes the endeavor to help them be healthy, temperate, upright and clean. Alcohol and tobacco, with their degenerative effects en- danger both objectives. We commend you for all the fine things that you have done — the elimination of profanity, for example. And now in the name of our youth and of all American youth we appeal to you, who bear so much moral responsibility in this phase of our recreational life, to look into this situation and answer to your conscience as the good American that you are. We believe the wrong done to impressionable young people will tend to de- bauch individuals and bring about a poorer grade of American manhood and woman- hood. Those who love America will support you in the action we plead with you to take. GENERAL PRESIDENCY OF THE NATIONAL WOMAN'S RELIEF SOCIETY, By Amy Brown Lyman, President, Representing 115,015 mothers GENERAL SUPERINTENDENCY OF THE SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION, By George D. Pyper, General Superintendent, Representing 360,337 members of all ages. GENERAL PRESIDENCY OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASS'N., By Lucy Grant Cannon, President, Representing 76,867 young women. GENERAL SUPERINTENDENCY OF THE YOUNG MEN'S MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASS'N. By George Q. Morris, General Superintendent, Representing 65,511 young men GENERAL PRESIDENCY OF THE PRIMARY ASS'N., By May Green Hinckley, Superintendent, Representing 129,958 children and teachers. The Church Campaign Committee, of which Elder Joseph F. Merrill is chairman, recommends that the above letter be followed up in the stakes, wards, and missions by personal letters from leaders and other individuals, and that contact be made with managers of show houses requesting them to write to Mr. Hays supporting the position that has been taken by the leaders of the Church auxiliaries. Point Rationing Note: The following information from Justin C. Stewart, Utah State Information Officer, Office of Price Administration, is of interest to ReHef Society women: V\riTH the introduction of ''point a few ounces a month, too little to rationing" early in 1943, con- do anyone any good, sumers must learn to shop with a This also might mean a buying new kind of currency— ration points, rush on cornflakes by those who This will not take the place of our usually buy larger amounts of bran- accustomed money and tax tokens, flakes than would be allowed by the but will be in addition to them, ration. Or it might mean a rush to When buying, the housewife must buy oatmeal or wheatflakes, and thus know the ration point value of each the supply of these cereals might commodity as well as the money quickly disappear from the stores, value. and many people wouldn't get any Point rationing will be accom- cereals at all. plished through the use of War Ra- This illustrates that while dividing tion Book No. 2 which will be is- the supply of any one of the cereals sued to all consumers shortly after would give each individual only a the first of the year. It will be used small equal share, dividing the total to ration groups of related or similar supply of all of them would give each commodities which can be sub- individual enough for his basic cereal stituted for one another in actual needs. use. It will not replace the straight If we were rationing cereals under coupon system for such goods as the point system, all types could be sugar, because that system is more purchased by using the same ration appropriate for standardized commo- coupons. However, each kind of dities used by everyone and of which cereal would be given a point value, there is a large enough supply to give A low-point value would be given to everyone a usable share. the more plentiful items and a high- Cereals might be used as an ex- point value to the less plentiful ones, ample of how point rationing will Each person would then be allowed, work, although there is no present for example, 48 points to buy cereal plan to ration them. Oatmeal, corn- during the month. Suppose corn- flakes, wheatflakes, and branflakes flakes are plentiful and are assigned are related commodities which can a value of one point per pound; the be substituted for one another in the supply of wheatflakes is a little less daily diet. Suppose that there were plentiful and is assigned two points a shortage of branflakes and the Gov- per pound; and branflakes very ernment was to try to ration them scarce, hardly available at all, are as- as it rations sugar— that is, an equal signed eight points per pound. In amount for everyone each month, this example, the individual could Because of the shortage, and because buy two pounds of cornflakes and branflakes would thus be allotted to surrender only two of his 48 ration people who don't buy them regular- points. On the other hand, if he ly at all, the result would be a very purchased two pounds of branflakes, small share for each individual, just he would have to surrender 16 of the Page 46 POINT RATIONING 47 48. Thus consumers will be dis- couraged from buying the high-point value commodities that are scarce and will be encouraged to buy the low-point value commodities of which there are large supplies. The Government will be able to change the point value from time to time acording to the supply of the various commodities, thus insuring the fairest possible distribution of goods. Ration Book No. 2 will have stamps of two colors, blue and red. One color might be used for meat. The other color for some other group or related commodities, such as cereals. Each stamp will have a let- ter of the alphabet marked on it— "A" through "Z." These letters will be used to indicate the time in which the stamps should be used. There will be four "A" stamps, four "B" stamps, four ''C" stamps, etc. One of the "A" stamps will be marked with the figure 1; one of them, the figure 2; one, 5; and one, 8. The numbers will indicate the point value of the stamps. Thus the four *'A" stamps, which will be numbered 1, 2, 5, 8, will have a total point value of 16; the four ''B" stamps a total point value of 16; the four ''C" stamps a total point value of 16, etc. Suppose the A, B, and C stamps are allowed for the first month of cereal rationing. We should have a total point value of 16 'W stamps, 16 "B" stamps, 16 ''C stamps, a grand total of ration points for the month of 48. The followhig month, stamps marked D, E, and F might be used, thus giving a 48 point ration for the second month. In this way, each consumer may ''spend" his points to buy any of the items in the point ration group in any way he likes, but when he has ''spent" all of his points for the month, he will not be able to buy any of these items until the next ra- tion period. Those who choose to buy commodities having a low-point value will get more for their ration than those who choose to use up their points on high-point value com- modities. When buying, therefore, consumers must ask themselves not only whether they can afford the dol- lars and cents price of rationed com- modities, but also whether they can afford to "spend" their points in that particular way. This will require careful budgeting of both money and ration points. At the same time, planning must not be too rigid. There is no pos- sibility in wartime of guaranteeing that the storekeeper will have all of the favorite standbys on hand at all times. There may be a smaller sup- ply than usual or a larger demand than was expected. It may be found that some of the favorite items in a group are not "best buys" in ration value. In that case, in order to get the most out of her family's point allotment, the housewife will find it desirable at times to buy "second choices." THE SUCCESSFUL WAY Doing an injury puts you below your enemy; revenging one makes you but even with him; forgiving it sets you above him.— Ben/amin Franklin. ^JSV'^ FROM THE FIELD Vera White Pohlmaiiy General Secretary-Treasurer Regulations governing the submittal of material for "Notes From the Field" appear in the Magazine for June 1942, page 420. RELIEF SOCIETY CENTENNIAL OBSERVANCES Juab Stake (Nephi, Utah) pOLLOWING is an account of the centennial observance of the Juab Stake Relief Society, of which Chloe N. Bailey is president, which appeared in the Nephi Times News: "The observance of the ReHef So- ciety centennial was held in local wards of Juab Stake on March 17. Through the courtesy of the General Board of Relief Society, a centen- nial gift was presented to each ward in the form of a phonograph record containing centennial messages from President Heber J. Grant and Presi- dent Amy Brown Lyman. "The North Ward Relief Society planted a tree in accordance with the recommendation of the General Board. A short program was given in connection with the tree-planting on Tuesday afternoon, March 17. Talks were given byA. E.Smith, bish- op, and Robert P. Garrett, counselor. The record sent by the General Board was played. The tree, a cut- leaf weeping white birch, was plant- ed on the North Ward Relief Soci- ety grounds. "On Tuesday evening, a pageant. The Gate Beautiful' was presented by the North Ward Relief Society to members of the three Nephi wards. The pageant was under the supervision of President Mary E. Boswell and was directed by Ellen Page 48 Garrett, Fern B. Garrett, and Minnie J. Smith. Music was furnished by the Monson sisters of American Fork, a quartet consisting of Afton Lambert, Emma C. Cannon, Eugene Beck, and Nello Sudweeks, which sang appropriate selections, and solos were given by Verda Beck and Em- ma C. Cannon. Mrs. Douglas Jones was the reader, and members of the cast were Relief Society women of the North Ward. The pageant was a most creditable performance. "The Nephi Ward observed the centennial with an appropriate pro- gram which consisted of an account of the first Relief Society organiza- tion given by Birdie C. Jones; hum- orous selections by Florence R. Winn; a duet by Susannah and May Wilkey; cello solo, Vivian Hoyt; tribute to former presidents of the Nephi Ward Relief Society, given by Priscilla Wilson. Each president was presented with a flower. A read- ing, 1 Am Proud' was given by Mrs. Douglas Jones. Mrs. Laura B. Brough made an interesting report of changes in transportation, dress, home conveniences and status of women during the one hundred years since the founding of Relief Society. A chorus of Singing Moth- ers rendered two selections. . . . "In the South Ward an address of welcome was given by counselor NOTES FROM THE FIELD 49 CENTENNIAL PAGEANT, "THE GATE BEAUTIFUL" Woodruff Ward Relief Society, Snowflake Stake Jennie Hobbs. Former stake presi- dents, Addie Cazier, Unity Chap- pell, Maude Forrest, and Edna J. Cazier gave brief reports of the ac- complishments of the Rehef Society of Juab Stake under their respective administrations. A piano duet was given by Julia and Mignon Pyper, and Zelma Golden and Ida Mem- mott sang a duet. A centennial play 'Is It Possible?' was presented under the direction of Louise C. Vickers. Flowers were presented to the form- er stake and ward presidents and counselors, to the oldest visiting teacher, the youngest members of the Relief Society, and to the mother vdth the largest family. At the close of the program, refreshments were served. "The Mona Ward observed the centennial by a social held in the afternoon for all women of the ward. at which time the record from the General Board was heard and birth- day cake was served to all present. In the evening, the play Ts it Possible?' and a pageant 'By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them' were presented by the women of the ward. The Singing Mothers furnished the music for the performance. The play and pageant were under the direction of Lizzie W. Kay and Erma Keyte." Snowflake Stake (Snowflake, Arizona) T OVINA E. LARSON, president ^ of Woodruff Ward Relief So- ciety, sent the accompanying pic- ture of a beautiful and impressive pageant presented February 13, 1942, at the ward centennial celebration. It was entitled "The Gate Beautiful." 50 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 SINGING MOTHERS' CHORUS, NORTH IDAHO FALLS STAKE RELIEF SOCIETY CAST OF CENTENNIAL PAGEANT, "MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS OF THE AGES," IDAHO FALLS FOURTH WARD RELIEF SOCIETY, NORTH IDAHO FALLS STAKE NOTES FROM THE FIELD 51 North Idaho Falls Stake (Idaho Falls, Idaho) yELLA A. EVANS, second coun- selor in the Relief Society presi- dency of the North Idaho Falls Stake, submitted the following re- port of centennial activities in this stake: ''We wish to report to you some of the centennial activities of our stake. We presented the cantata 'Resurrection Morning,' by B. Cecil Gates, as a stake unit of one hundred Singing Mothers. The chorus furn- ished the music for our stake confer- ence. The cantata, conducted by Mrs. O. D. Hendrickson with Mrs. J. O. Mellor as accompanist, was pre- sented Sunday afternoon, March 1 5, 1942, in the stake tabernacle. It was very well rendered to a large audi- ence. We had members participat- ing from eleven of the twelve wards and branches— one branch being sixty-three miles away. We held a prayer meeting with all chorus mem- bers before the concert, and then presented each member with a golden boutonniere, and the chor- ister and organist with a blue and gold corsage. "At this meeting we displayed the scrapbooks made by eleven of our twelve wards and branches. In their arrangement the books showed much originality, artistic ability, and his- torical worth. A volume of Gospel Standards by President Heber J. Grant was presented, to the cen- tennial chairman of the Ucon Ward as a prize for the best scrapbook. "On Monday, March 16, we left daffodils with twelve Latter-day Saint mothers, reminding them of the centennial observance the next day and of the time of the radio broadcasts from Salt Lake City. From the interest shovm by these mothers, we certainly felt well re- paid for the calls we made. "On March 17, the Idaho Falls Fourth Ward held a special cen- tennial program with President Luna Norton and counselors in charge of arrangements. Under the direction of Mrs. Jacob H. Trayner, with Mr. Trayner as reader, a pageant in twelve scenes, entitled 'Mothers and Daugh- ters of the Ages,' was presented with special costumes and lighting effects to a full house. Mrs. J. O. Mellor, pianist, and Dorothy Burnham, vio- linist, rendered appropriate music during the pageant. Twenty-six per- sons represented the various charac- ters portrayed. One scene showed a reproduction in giant size of the cover of the January 1942 issue of Reproduction of cover of January 1942 Relief Society Magazine, used in pageant by Idaho Falls Fourth Ward Relief Society 52 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 CENTENNIAL TREE-PLANTING CEREMONY ON NEW IDAHO FALLS TEMPLE GROUNDS, NOVEMBER 4, 1942 Members and officials of the North Idaho Falls, Idaho Falls, and Yellowstone Stakes participated. the Reliei Society Magazine, which was a picture of the proposed cen- tennial memorial campanile to be erected on Temple Square in Salt Lake City. ''The Osgood Ward made nearly 200 handprinted programs for their celebration. The entire evening per- formance in this ward was very fine and well presented. "All Relief Society organizations in our stake participated in a cen- tennial tree-planting service in their respective wards, using the centen- nial markers." On November 4, 1942, members and officials of the North Idaho Falls, Idaho Falls, and Yellowstone Stakes participated in a tree-planting ceremony at the new Idaho Falls Temple grounds. A beautiful blue spruce was planted on the north- east corner of the grounds, and a spe- cial marker was placed nearby. An ex- cerpt from an account of this activity in the Idaho Falls Post-Register of November 12 states: The following program was presented: community singing conducted by Mrs. J. O. Mellor; invocation by Mrs. Grant M. Andrus; address of welcome by president Ethd Miles [North Idaho Falls Stake Re- lief Society president]; selection by a trumpet trio composed of Don Julian, Ray Bennett and Fred Haroldsen; a talk, "Spe- cial Thoughts on Trees," by Mrs. Joseph Brunt; dedicatory prayer by Joseph A. Brunt. Mr. Brunt, representing the North Idaho Falls Stake, J. W. Telford, repre- senting the Idaho Falls Stake, and Horace A. Hess of the Yellowstone Stake, assisted in placing the soil on the tree. Mrs. Miles, President Cora Christensen of the Idaho Falls Stake Relief Society, past stake presi- dents, and honorary officers also participated NOTES FROM THE FIELD 53 in the ceremonies. The program was un- McCleary, coordinator, assisting her. der the direction of Mrs. G S. Evans, Each new member of the past year assisted by Robert F. WoUer, temple . , .^i , v j;' c»l jrw* gardener. ' f was presented with a lovely corsage. "Another feature of the evening's Sister Evans stated in a subse- entertainment was a cantata entitled quent letter of November 23 that, ^Messengers of Mercy,' by Gladys "We are very thankful to Brother Rich and Minnie D. Warner, pre- Woller, the temple gardner, and sented by the Singing Mothers under Brother Irvin T. Nelson, Church the direction of Sarah Hickman, landscape architect, for assisting us with Mercia Haneberg as accom- and granting us this privilege. We panist. A very lovely pageant, 'The had had stormy weather for several Guardianship of Life,' was presented days, but the morning [of Novem- under the direction of Rose Willey ber 4] was clear, although cold. The and President Chloe Later. It had program was short but well attended a cast of about twenty people. Violet by approximately 100 people, and Nerden, soloist, was accompanied by everyone seemed thrilled v^th the Alta Larson. Thelma Higbee was occasion. After the ceremony, the the reader. members who wished to go were es- "One feature of the program, the corted through the temple. We words of greeting by recording from surely felt that the efforts were worth President Heber }. Grant and Presi- while." dent Amy Brown Lyman, was great- ly appreciated. Ethelyn Lay and Seattie Stake (Seattle, Washington) Chloe Stayner had charge of refresh- TTT 1 T^ 1. r o ments. The one hundred people J»HE Bremerton Ward Relief So- present declared that the party was ciety reported its centennial one of the loveliest ones of the year." birthday party, held March 17, 1942, as follows: Los Angeles Stake "The ward chapel and recr^tion ^^os Angeles, Cdifomia) hall were decorated in the Relief ^ o ' / Society colors— blue and gold. The HpHE Beverly Hills Ward Relief So- opening feature of the celebration ciety, of which Estella C. Dalton was a tree-planting ceremony, at was president, presented a unique which time we planted a tree on the centennial program using letters, tab- chapel grounds. Appropriate re- leaux, and a cantata to depict "Re- marks were made by Bishop John J. lief Society Beginnings" and "A Cen- Fry, and the song Trees' was sung tury of Achievement." Helen Cot- by Ruth Fry. tam, secretary, reported the observ- "After this ceremony, everyone ance as follows: went into the chapel, where an im- "Letters narrating 'Relief Society pressive birthday cake held a place Beginnings' were written for the oc- of attention, and a candle-lighting casion by one of our members, Isa- ceremony was given in honor of new bel Vine Broadbeck. They were members. Our president, Chloe read by a reader dressed in a typical Later, presided, with Linda Edding- 1842 costume, who was shown writ- ton, second counselor, and Bertha ing them in her Nauvoo home. Be- 54 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 tween the reading of each letter, our Relief Society chorus, assisted by Lola Brimley, director, Mary Rex, accompanist, and Jessie Turner, solo- ist, sang selections from the cantata 'Messengers of Mercy,' by Gladys Rich and Minnie D. Warner. In conjunction with the readings and the rendition of the cantata, tableaux in costume and with stage properties were presented to show scenes re- lated to the letters." An original poem, "A Century of Achievement," written by Alva Wil- son, was given by two women, Emma Gardner representing Emma Smith, and Ruby Armstrong representing a modern Relief Society president. This was given just before the final tableau depicting "Women of Serv- ice in 1942." Estella C. Dal ton, former president, is now president of the Los Angeles Stake Relief So- ciety, and Frances Willardson is president of the Beverly Hills Ward. South Sanpete Stake (Manti, Utah) PLARICE B. TUTTLE, former president of the South Sanpete Stake Relief Society, submitted a newspaper report of the very success- ful centennial observance held by the three wards of Manti, and also a re- port from the three Ephraim wards. The Manti Messenger contained the following account of the Manti cele- bration : Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday [March 15, 16, 17, 1942] were gala days for the Relief Society organizations of Manti, cul- minating years of untiring and ceaseless effort directed toward building a bigger and better organization, an effort which has been crowned with glorious success. Officers and teachers have worked ener- getically to prepare the three-day celebra- tion in honor of the centennial observance of the L. D. S. Relief Society. Their efforts resulted in one of Manti's most elaborate celebrations, enjoyed by old and young of the entire community. Commencing Sunday night, a cantata, "Resurrection Morning," written by B. Cecil Gates, was presented to the general pubhc by the Singing Mothers of the three wards, under the direction of Cleo Christensen, with Mrs. Louise Hulme at the piano. Mrs. Bernice B. Keeler and Mrs. Leona F. Wintch were the readers. Before the cantata, Mrs. Clarice B. Tut- tle . . . gave a speech of welcome. A salute to the Relief Socitey was given by President Leland E. Anderson, the re- sponse by Mrs. Merle Poulson, president of the Center Ward Rehef Society. Mrs. Viola Tatton was in charge of decorations. Monday afternoon a reception and pro- gram was held in the Center Ward Chapel, with so many in attendance that benches and chairs would not suffice. A fashion show depicting styles from 1842 to 1942 was directed by Mrs. Ruby K. Riddle. . . . Mrs. Alfreda Nielson was in charge of the music and refreshments. Monday night a married folks' dance was held in the Armada. It was one of the biggest dances of the year, and one of the most enjoyable. Many of the dancers came in costumes, which varied in kind and color from the humble overall to the dignified Prince Albert, and from the house dress of years gone by to the colorful gown of the gay nineties. Tuesday morning, a throng of people visited the temple, where the Singing Mothers furnished the music. Tuesday afternoon and evening in the Manti Theatre a pageant, "By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them," written by Moroni Smith of Richfield, was presented. Mrs. Ada Dyreng was in charge of the pageant, as- sisted by Mrs. Edna Allred and Mrs. Blanche Garbe. Taking part in the pag- eant were sixty people. Singing for the pageant was done by the Singing Mothers directed by Mrs. Cleo Christensen. The three-day Ephraim observ- ance was also very successful. The first session was held Sunday evening, March 15, in the tabernacle, under the direction of Anna Rasmusson NOTES FRCWvi THE FIELD 55 FIRST EPISODE OF PAGEANT, "BY THEIR FRUITS YE SHALL KNOW THEM," MANTI WARDS, SOUTH SANPETE STAKE RELIEF SOCIETY Leona F. Wintch, Relief Society General Board member, is in front row, center, repre- senting Emma Smith; on her right is Winston Crawford representing Joseph Smith FOURTH EPISODE OF PAGEANT, "BY THEIR FRUITS YE SHALL KNOW THEM," INCLUDING SINGING MOTHERS WHO SANG FOR THE PAGEANT 56 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 of the stake board. Seventy-five Sing- ing Mothers wearing white blouses made an impressive sight when they sang "Resurrection Morning." They were assisted by Melba Armstrong, conductor, and Phyhs Armstrong, ac- companist. The stage setting was appropriate for the rendition of the cantata. The bishops of the Eph- raim North, South and West Wards offered the prayers and also assisted backstage. Under the direction of Olivia Anderson of the stake board, general chairman, the activities on Monday afternoon featured a relic display, modeling of old hats and costumes of long ago, dancing of the minuet, and singing of old-time songs. ''Sister-cake" with its carda- mon flavor, peppermint candy, dried apples, and punch were served by ladies in costume. Tuesday, March 17, members from the Ephraim West Ward attended the morning session at the Manti Temple. In the afternoon, three in- spirational episodes were enacted under the supervision of Vera Erick- son of the stake board. They were: first, dramatization of the organiza- tion meeting of Relief Society; sec- ond, an episode emphasizing the im- portance of attendance at Relief So- ciety, in which was dramatized the story of two young women who never found time to support Relief So- ciety; and, third, a pantomime of na- tions coming through a membership arch. After this episode, candles on a centennial cake were lighted. This cake was made of seven pounds of popcorn. According to the report from the Ephraim wards, the costs incurred in conducting this three-day celebra- tion were very low. Anna Rasmus- son is now president of the South Sanpete Stake. CENTENNIAL CANDLE-LIGHTING CEREMONY Brigham City Third Ward Rdicf Society, Box Elder Stake LESSON DEPARTMENT oJheologyi and c/esttmonif ''Articles of Faith," By James E. Talmage Lesson 15 The Book of Mormon (Continued) Article 8: "... we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of God." (Tuesday, April 6, 1943) Condensation of Chapter XV of Aiticks of Faith by Talmage (This condensation is placed in the Magazine in the hope that it will result in more class members familiarizing themselves with the lesson.) 7'he Authenticity of the Book of Mormon The authenticity of the Book of Mormon constitutes our most im- portant consideration of the work. Announcing to the .world the mes- sage of a departed people, written by way of commandment, and by the spirit of prophecy and revelation, this book is entitled to the most thorough and impartial examination. The Latter-day Saints base their be- lief in the authenticity of the book on the following proofs which will be discussed: 1. The Nephite and the Jewish scriptures are found to agree in mat- ters of tradition, history, doctrine, and prophecy which the separate records treat. In a careful compari- son of the prophecies of the Bible with corresponding predictions con- tained in the Book of Mormon, each of the records is corroborative of the other. 2. Ancient prophecy has been literally fulfilled in the coming forth of the Book of Mormon. Enoch (Pearl of Great Price, Moses 7:59- 62), David (Psalms 85:11), Isaiah (Isaiah 45:8), and Ezekiel (Ezekiel 37), as well as other prophets knew and prophecied of the book. Ezekiel 37:15-17, reads: "The word of the Lord came unto me, saying. More- over, thou son of man, take thee one stick, and write upon it. For Judah, and for the children of Israel his companions [signifying the Bible] : then take another stick, and write upon it. For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his companions [signifying the Book of Mormon] : And join them one to another into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand." 3. The internal consistency of the Book of Mormon sustains belief in Page 57 58 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 its divine origin. The parts bear evidence of having been w^ritten at different times and under v^idely varying conditions. The book main- tains consistency throughout; no contradictions, no disagreements have been pointed out. 4. Among the most conclusive proofs of the authenticity of the book is that furnished by the dem- onstrated truth of its contained prophecies. The predictions con- tained within the Book of Mormon may be classed as (a) prophecies re- lating to the time covered by the book itself, the fulfillment of which is recorded therein; and (b) proph- ecies relative to times beyond the limits of the history chronicled in the book. Prophecies of the first class named are of minor value as proof of the authenticity of the work; neverthe- less, to the conscientious reader the genuineness of the book will be made apparent in the literal realization of the numerous and varied predictions relating to the fate, then future, of the people whose history is given in the record. Prophecies of the sec- ond class are numerous and explicit. Many of them have special reference to this last dispensation— the Dis- pensation of the Fullness of Times. Among the most remarkable Book of Mormon predictions incident to the last dispensation are those that relate to its own coming forth and the effect of its publication amongst mankind. Joseph's great prophetic utterance is to be found in part in II Nephi 3:11-13. The literal ful- fillment of this prophecy in the bringing forth of the Book of Mor- mon through Joseph Smith is well evidenced. That the new scriptures would be rejected by the Gentiles was known by Nephi, who recorded this: ''A Bible! a Bible! we have got a Bible, and there cannot be any more Bible.'' (II Nephi 29:3; read the entire chapter.) 5. The archeology and ethnology of the Western Continent contrib- ute some corroborative evidence in support of the Book of Mormon. Among the most significant of the discoveries respecting the aboriginal inhabitants of the land, are the fol- lowing: (a) that America was peo- pled in very ancient times, probably soon after the building of the Tower of Babel; (b) that the continent has been successfully occupied by differ- ent peoples, at least by two classes, or so-called races, at widely separated periods; (c) that the aboriginal in- habitants came from the East, prob- ably from Asia, and that the latter occupants, or those of the second period, were closely allied to, if not identified with, the Israelites; (d) that the existing native races of America form a common stock. It is very apparent that each of these discoveries is fully sustained by the Book of Mormon record. Let not the reader of the Book of Mormon content himself with such evidences as have been cited con- cerning the authenticity of this re- puted scripture. There is promised a surer and more effectual means of ascertaining the truth or falsity of this volume. Like other scriptures, the Book of Mormon is to be com- prehended through the spirit of the scripture, and this is obtainable only as a gift from God. But this gift is promised unto all who shall seek it. Then to all let us commend the counsel of the last writer in the vol- ume, Moroni, solitary scribe who LESSON DEPARTMENT 59 sealed the book: "And when ye shall receive these things, I would exhort you that ye would ask God, the Eter- nal Father, in the name of Christ, if these things are not true; and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart, with real intent, having faith in Christ, he will manifest the truth of it unto you, by the power of the Holy Ghost. And by the power of the Holy Ghost ye may know the truth of all things." (Moroni 10:4-5) LESSON PLAN Lesson Aim: To prove the authenticity of the Book of Mormon Suggested Material Outline L Proofs of the authenticity of the Book of Mormon A. Agreement of the Bible and the Book of Mormon 1 . Records agree in matters of tradition, history, doc- trine and prophecy (See Appendix 14:5) B. Prophecies concerning the Book of Mormon 1. EzekieFs vision most significant (Ezekiel 37) 2. Isaiah's prediction literal- ly fulfilled ( Isaiah 29 : 1 1- 12) C. Internal construction of the Book of Mormon This concerns the doctrinal unity of the book, its consistency of language, its general harmony and Joseph Smith's inabihty to compose such a work without divine help. D. Book of Mormon predic- tions 1. Prophecies fulfilled in the Book of Mormon 2. Future prophecies not yet fulfilled (See II Nephi 3:11-13; II Nephi 29) E. Archaeology of the Western Continent 1. Value of external evi- dence Sometimes we are inclined to lay too much stress on external evi- dence, as if it were conclusive, whereas it only shows a tendency in the direction of the truth of personal testimony. 2. Evidence of American antiquities a. Civilization here be- fore discovery of America by Columbus b. This civilization com- parable to that which existed in the Old World c. Monuments are found where Book of Mor- mon requires them to be d. Evidences of succes- sive civilizations in an- cient America F. The classes of American aborigines (1.) Archaic (2.) Tol tec-Mayan (3.) Aztec Suggested Method Outline I. It is suggested that class mem- bers who are capable and who do research well, be assigned, at least a month in advance of presentation, the five major sec- tions of this lesson outline. In making such assignments, it is suggested that the class leader (0 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 bear in mind he following pro- cedure: A. Enough time should be spent with the class mem- ber assigned the task to make the assignment very clear. If necessary, the as- signment should be written out by the class leader, and then the member should be given time to ask questions concerning her assignment. B. Class leaders should make the time limit explicit. This is very important if the les- son is fully covered in the time allotted. C. Class leaders should be re- sponsible for seeing that ma- terial for use in the prepara- tion of assignments is avail- able. D. Some follow-through on the assignment should be made by the class leader to check on the progress of each as- signment, and this should be done before the actual day of presentation. II. Class leaders should allow themselves time to summarize the major points of the lesson in order to make a unified whole and to increase learning. Part of this summary could be gathered from the class by skillful questioning. (Consult any book on teaching methods for help on how to formulate questions. If a blackboard is available, it would be helpful to list thereon the major points covered in the lesson.) References Roberts, B. H., A Comprehensive His- tory of the Church, Vol. I. Talmage, James E., Sunday Night Talks. Thompson, E. H., People of the Serpent. Talmage, James E., Aiticles of Faith, ''Appendix" 1 5, Notes Relating to Chap. 1 5 > ViSiting cJeachers Messages to the Home Lesson 7 Care of the Body as an Expression of Faith (Tuesday, April 6, 1943) T ATTER-DAY SAINTS attach great importance to the proper care of the body. No one can attain his highest usefulness, happiness, or intelligence, who injures his body by improper living. In the Doctrine and Covenants there are many revelations regarding the human body and its importance as an instrument of the mind. *The in- spirit and the body," we are formed, "are the soul of man." (Sec- tion 88:15) And in another place we read that the spirit manifests itself through the body. Therefore, the physical condition of the body either facilitates or hampers expres- sion of the spirit. Such things as food, clothing, proper housing and living conditions LESSON DEPARTMENT 61 are ''given to strengthen the body and enhven the soul." (Doctrine and Covenants 59:19) Section 88: 124 gives instructions for the main- tenance of the body. ''Cease to be idle; cease to be unclean; . . . cease to sleep longer than is needful; retire to thy bed early, that ye may not be weary; arise early, that your bodies and your minds may be invigor- ated." Then there is the Word of Wis- dom (Section 89), which offers specific instructions : tobacco, strong or hot drinks/ excessive meat eating are "not good for man;" while fruit in the season thereof is good for the use of man, and wheat is specially "for man." Obedience to these teachings is at- tended by certain blessings. There are also revelations in the Doctrine and Covenants which in- dicate that the care of the body is a religious duty. The attitude of the mind and the emotions one cultivates have an ef- fect on the health of the body. This fact was enunciated by Jesus and it ^Discourses oi Brfgham Young, page 283, makes clear that President Brigham Young regarded tea and coffee among the hot drinks referred to in Doctrine and Cove- nants, Section 88. finds ample justification, if any is needed, in what we know from the study of the body. Christ assures us that fear, anger, hate, with kindred emotions, are a source of injury. He puts it theologically: "Thou shalt not be angry with thy brother." But science gives us the reason. Says Herbert Spencer, in his Data of Ethics: "From biology we learn that no act should be committed or thought entertained which weakens the body, for thereby the human be- ing is rendered unfit for the duties of hfe." Obedience to the laws of health, both those revealed through religion and those discovered by man in his search for truth, express our faith in the teachings of the Church so far as concerns the sanctity of the body. Discussion 1. What should be the attitude of all citizens toward community health? 2. In what ways can women cooperate with the civil authorities in maintaining healthy conditions in the community? 3. Discuss Doctrine and Covenants 88: 124, with regard to proper rest; also Gospel Doctrine by Joseph F. Smith, page 461. 4. What are the physical effects of fear, anger, hate? 5. What are the blessings promised those who obey the Word of Wisdom? > SX^ork-and-iB usiness New-fashioned Thrift Lesson 6 Clean Things Last Longer (For optional use on Tuesday, March 9, 1943) IVTOT only is "cleanliness next to nomical. It is easier to keep clean Godliness," but it is also eco- than to make clean. Dirt wears. things 62 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 out, whether they be fabric, wood, quired will depend upon the harsh- plaster, leather, or fur. Good ma- ness of the water, and whether or not terials are entitled to good care, a softening agent is used. Trisodium Waiting until they are very dirty phosphate is a good detergent, before cleaning them means added Sheer fabrics when washed should rubbing and scrubbing that wears be rolled in a soft absorbent cloth, things out as much as does the dirt such as a turkish towel, to absorb the that is ground into them in the first excessive moisture, and they should place. While it is necessary to keep be ironed with a warm iron while things clean to conserve them, it is damp. Some fabrics, because of fine- also necessary in cleaning them to ness, construction, or color, respond use the process best suited to the ma- best to dry cleaning, and if done at terial or fabric involved. Some fab- home, extreme care should be taken rics take kindly to mild soap and in the handling of articles and in the water, while others require dry-clean- selection of the cleaning agent to be ing agents. The difficulty today is used. Whether laundering or dry- in knowing the material with which cleaning method is used, stains one is dealing. Rayon, the versatile should be removed from the article fiber, is woven into a variety of fab- before the whole article is cleaned, rics; and since these fabrics are so The proper time to remove stain is extensively used, it is important to when it is fresh. Air, heat, and water have a knowledge of their care. niay change the character of the stain Some rayon fibers lose their and make it difficult to remove, if strength when wet; others are dis- it can be removed at all. It is much solved when cleaning agents are easier to remove a stain without in- used; and some are melted by the jury to the fabric if tiie kind of stain use of too much heat. The cleaning is known. Most ordinary stains on of any material containing rayon tub-fast, washable materials, such as fiber depends on the nature of the cotton or linen, can be removed with weave as much as the fiber itself, warm water; or in case of fruit stain, Rough or creped surfaces should us- boiling water poured from a height, ually be dry cleaned. If material can Stubborn stains, like ink, require spe- be washed, the kind of soap, the tem- cial treatment.^ Clothing and fabric perature of the water used, the articles that can be handled easily handling while wet, and the length should be brushed often and regular- of time given for drying are im- ly. Dust and dirt work into the portant items to -remember. All meshes of the weave and cut the fabrics of rayon, silk, and wool, threads. The best time to brush whether used for clothing, upholster- clothing is immediately after wear- ing, curtains, draperies, or rugs, re- ^^^ Underwear and stockings should quire a mild soap luke-warm water, ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ deteriorate little handling with no harsh rubbing . . , , , • , or wringing. A long time is required with perspiration and body acids, for properly drying all of these fab- In most homes, rugs and uphol- rics except pure silk, which dries -^ ^^^^.^^,^ Housekeeping Book, quickly. The amount of soap re- Chapter 25, p. 323, LESSON DEPARTMENT 63 stery usually get a bigger share of the napkins are made of various kinds of wear than other articles. To avoid fabrics, such as cotton, linen, rayon, some of this wear, they should have silk, and Cellophane. Linen and cot- a quick daily cleaning, rather than to ton, if white, can stand hot water; allow dust and dirt to work into the if colored, warm water should be pile. A more thorough cleaning used in washing. They should be should be given weekly. The best washed quickly, rinsed thoroughly cleaning implements to use are a and, if white, dried in sun; if colored, vacuum cleaner and a carpet sweep- they should be dried in the shade, er. Sweeping with a broom, espe- Grass linen is stiff and should be cially against the pile, will further handled carefully so as not to break embed the dirt, and may tear or dam- the threads. Cotton and linen re- age the soft, wool nap. Greasy spots quire a hotter iron in pressing than and soil cause dirt to stick, which, in do other fabrics. Mats made entire- turn, dulls the colors. A good non- ly of Cellophane only need to be inflammable cleansing fluid will wiped with a damp cloth to clean, brighten colors and remove spots. A bit of starch in the rinsing water Some kinds of rugs and upholstery will give cotton a gloss when ironed can be shampooed with safety if a and keep it clean longer. Never use thick jelly-like suds is made of neu- starch for other materials, especially tral soap and applied with a brush linen. If ironed linens are rolled on using a circular motion. The lather a pasteboard or paper roll rather than should be scraped off with a dull folded, they keep fresh, clean, and broad knife, and then wiped off with wear longer. The folds in larger a damp, clean cloth wrung out of xloths should be changed occasion- clean warm water. This process aly to prevent wear along the line of should be repeated as many times as the fold. is necessary to remove all soap and ^^^^- ^j^^^^j^ j^^^^ -^^ ^^.^^^ ^f soil. As httle water as possible should ^^^^ ^ ^^j^^^ ^^^ ^^^ g^,^ ^^^_ be used Articles should be allowed ^^jj ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^,^3,^ to dry thoroughly betore bemg used. i . • •. • j i, i u A i.T_ T_ 1 • • n r sheets are mvitme and help one to A thorough cleanmg occasionally by . n c i j u jj- • i. ? -n V ., v£ c rest well. Soiled beddme IS not near- an expert will prolong the life or , i i, ij- o 1 / . 1 . ^ TT J T_ 1 • £ Iv so warm as clean bedding. Kegu- such turmshings. Hard shaking ot ,^ . . , . r^.. ° . „ 1 1 ^1. 1 1 • J lar airing and sunning or the mat- small rugs breaks the backing and . ..? -, -. a cc \ i.i. 1 °, J r ■ A tress will keep it flurry. A mattress unravels the ends or fringe. A rug i u i A. ^ cu ^ 1 .J .1 £ ^ should have a cover that fits snugly laid on a smooth surface or over a j . i . i j £ i: J ^1 1 1 . • and that can be removed tor wash- pad not only wears longer but is . rr-, , r i • i. ui ^ . ^1 ^ , T£ T ing. The rules for washing table easier to keep clean. It slip covers ..^ , , i. -u j ^■ r\ j^ii-ijT_ J linen apply also to bed linen. Over- are used, they should be removed r • £ i ui i i. 4. i-i, r^ 1 ^ IT J . washing of woolen blankets mats the often enough tor cleanliness and to 5 i, i, j i, • i 1 ^T- ^ i.1 J i. 1 1 nap and causes harshness and shrink- make sure that moths do not lurk ^ ^, , . -n i n n: j £i. •£ 1. i.1 ^T- .. £ i. 4.U age. Blankets wnl be flutty and sott it beneath them to feast on the pre- ,^. , . £ j i j u r 1 • £ i.1 J i. dried out-of-doors on a mud, breezy cious fabrics of the davenport or, ct,i.i, i. - L,. j ^ day. Sheets hung straight and ^"^^^^- smooth on the line, dried, and then Tablecloths, luncheon cloths, and carefully removed and folded, need 64 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 not be ironed other than to press the hems. Occasionally the wood of furni- ture needs a thorough cleaning with thick soap suds to remove the grime and smoke that collect and dull the beautiful surfaces. In modern heated homes, furniture gets too dry, which sometimes causes it to crack and come apart. If washed carefully, a small part at a time, without much water, wiped thoroughly dry with a soft cloth, and polished with a good furniture polish rubbed with the grain of the wood, the wood of most furniture will look like new, and the little bit of water used will help re- store the moisture drawn out by over- heated houses. Floors often become loose and squeak from the same cause. Floor surfaces should be kept clean, and the finish, whether oil, wax, paint, or varnish, should be well applied. This prevents the floor from wearing, whether it be wood, lino- leum or tile, and is particularly im- portant where floors receive great wear. Too frequent and too gener- ous use of soap and water has a ten- dency to deteriorate rather than pre- serve some finishes. Each kind should have its own treatment. Paste, liquid or self-polishing wax are sometimes used too generously. When there is an accumulation of this wax, it should be removed; the floor should be thoroughly cleaned and new wax applied. Painted walls may be cleaned with a mild soap and water, or a water softener or solvent and water. They should be wiped well after washing. Long even strokes should be used when wall- paper and calcimine are cleaned with the dough-like preparations now on the market. Rubbing back and forth makes streaks and embeds the dirt in the paper. The main point to remember in cleaning all materials and articles is that they should not become too soiled. NOTE: America's Housekeeping Book, sections one, two, and three, pp. 131-335, contains a wealth of material on this sub- ject. > cLi iterature The Bible as Literature Lesson 7 Some of the Great Personalities in the Bible (Tuesday, April 20, 1943) Oh]tctive: To remind us of some of the great characters in the Bible and help us to appreciate the qualities which made them great and to sense their influence upon our own lives. Lesson Topics 1. Introduction 2. Abraham 3. Moses 4. Eve LESSON DEPARTMENT 55 Intioduction in which they Hved, but who today Carlylesays: "There are great per- are even more influential, for they sonahties who march through history reahzed, were profoundly influenced with voices like clarion trumpets and by, and worked enthusiastically for something like glittering swords in ideals and principles which still lead their hands. . . . Contact with them us on." They had their faults and warms and kindles the mind.'' made mistakes, for they were very By association with superior per- human; but above every other de- sonalities, either in the flesh or sire, they had that of bringing the through the medium of literature, kingdom of God on earth— this was we take on some of their greatness, their glory. We can learn from them Many people feel that the Bible has today by seeing how they met their more eminent characters than any problems and worked them out. Mr. other book of literature. This is one Sell says, 'They were hardy adven- of its claims to greatness. Frank S. turers on the sea of life who, despite Mead draws attention to this fact violent storms, came safely to port in his book 250 Bible Biographies, vvith rich cargoes. To examine how Henry T. Sell includes only twenty- they did this will richly repay our one men in his Studies of Great study, for in their successes they rise Bihle Characters, but his selection above their nationality and every pomt definitely to outstanding age." Though Mr. Mead gives no men who have given us ideal more than his regular two or three and moral uplift by the ideals, Strug- hundred words to his thumb-nail gles, and achievements of their own sketch of Jesus, and Mr. Sell does lives. He writes of Abraham, the not include Him at all, we know man who dared to trust God; of that both would give him first place Isaac, who accepted the challenge of among Biblical characters. Hun- obedience; of Joseph, the dreamer jreds of books have been written whose dreams came true; of Moses, upon His life and mission. Most of the leader and law-giver of a nation; them have recognized His divinity, of Joshua, the courageous man with though a few have attempted to un- a hard task; of Saul, the man who derstand him as a man alone. Of abused his opportunities; of David, such writers, Harry Emerson Fos- the self-conqueror who became king; dick says in The Modern Uses oi the of Job, the man of undeserved suflFer- Bible, p. 272: "Of all foolish things, ing; of Isaiah, the world prophet and j think nothing is more foolish than, statesman; of Daniel, the man who looking back over our race's history made advantage out of disadvantage; and discerning amid its tragedy and of Luke, the man who broadcasted struggles this outstanding figure the Gospel's good news; of Paul, the spiritually supreme, to minimize man who bettered city conditions; him, to tone down our thought of and many others. him, to reduce him so that we can be Mr. Sell describes his characters as ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ 1^^ ^^ ^^^1^ j^.^, men who were the outstanding and rr ^ ^ ^ • t ^ i • strategic leaders in their own times, ^^ ^^^ ^^ "^^ ^" J^^us, God is not the men who molded the thought anywhere. The best hope of man- and directed the action of the ages kind is that God is in him and may 66 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 flow down through all the secret runnels of the race." So important is the personality of Jesus that an entire lesson needs to be devoted to him. In this lesson we shall consider a few of the other Bible characters. Abraham That Abraham believed in God and trusted Him to the highest de- gree is seen in the sacrifice of Isaac. He probably felt as parents do today who sacrifice their sons for the good of their country. There is something of an analogy, too, in the willingness of parents in our Church to send their sons and daughters into strange lands to preach the Gospel. Often they realize that dangers will beset them, but they are proud to give them to the service of our Lord. Our Heavenly Father himself set the divine example, for ''He so loved the world that he gave His only begot- ten Son." Of Abraham, William L. Phelps says, ''Unlike most of the Old Testa- ment heroes, hardly anything evil can be charged against him. He was spiritual-minded. He was obedient to the divine voice, and his unfalter- ing trust in God was rewarded." Mr. Sell says that Abraham stands out as a commanding figure; that he had the traits of character that make great leaders; that he had dar- ing and splendid executive ability; that he was large-hearted and far- sighted and would have made an eminent statesman or victorious gen- eral had the opportunity come. Abra- ham was the founder of the Israel- itish nation; his name is revered by Christians, Jews, and Mohammed- ans; he is still blessing mankind by making it easier for them to worship and love God and by showing them how to live uprightly under trying circumstances. Moses Moses was another genius, a lead- er at a critical period of Israelitish history. He was a lawgiver and a statesman; a guide to the Chosen People in Egypt and in the wilder- ness. Books have been written about Moses. Lectures have characterized him as the great Hebrew statesman. A scientist, calling him "Moses, the physician," has praised his advanced ideas concerning cleanliness and se- gregation of disease. He is depicted as gentle in manners, modest, and above all self-controlled, courageous, and strong. He has been classed as the "meekest" of men— the finest tribute to soldiers and kings. "The meek shall inherit the earth" sug- gests that there is no strength like the strength of meekness. Phelps says, "That Moses was the meekest man in ancient history, is the best thing said about him." The story of Moses' birth and con- cealment in the rushes is like the plot of a modern novel or movie. When Pharoah's daughter named him, she did better than she knew, for Moses meant "drawer out," and he drew the Children of Israel out of slavery. His first act of which we have record was indicative of his later career as a deliverer. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, and he killed the Egyptian, though perhaps he knew he would be condemned by his own people, taunted and in- sulted, and branded as a murderer. Moses' best preparation for his LESSON DEPARTMENT 67 Liter leadership came to him uncon- Eve sciously while he kept the flocks of Little has been written about Eve, his father-in-law. The quiet, medi- and there is little in the scriptures tative life of the desert shepherd directly concerning her. Yet she brought him m close communion holds a unique position in being the with God, who gave him the sign of first woman in the world. That Eve the burning bush to make him had the womanly qualities that have aware of his call to leadership. To preserved for her daughters their convince his people that he had been place in the shrine of men's hearts divinely called, Moses was permitted through all succeeding ages is evi- to do a number of impressive mir- fenced by Adam's first recorded ut- acles, such as turning his rod into a terances about her and his willing- snake, making his hand leprous, ness to share her fall. He said: and then well and whole again. 'Therefore shall a man leave his fa- Later miracles, of course, were ther and his mother and shall cleave much more spectacular, when he was unto his wife: they shall be one called to compete with the magicians flesh.'' (Genesis 3:24) Adam could of the king who were trying to sub- have refused to partake of the for- due the Israelites. The story of the bidden fruit. He knew well the pain- Ten Plagues has been called "a ful consequences, tragedy in ten acts ending with a Condemned for her sin, Eve has climax." This story and other in- been harshly cafled weak; she has cidents in the life of this great man been reproached as the agent are well known. We need here, per- through whom mankind fell. She haps, only to remind ourselves that doubtless was weak and failed to dis- though he was born in slavery, he criminate between vastly different stands out as one of the greatest values. But let us consider some of figures in the history of mankind, his her other characteristics, chief accomplishment being that he she was highly sensitive to the took a people who had been in the beauties and glories in the Garden of worst type of slavery the world has g^en. She longed for the gifts her ever known, and made it into a great tempter promised-wisdom and un- nation with as pure moral and spir- derstanding equal to that of the itual ideals as the world has ever gojs. These would add to her power known. to enjoy beauty. The serpent, we Great characters in the Bible are must remember, had also promised not confined to men. Mr. Mead in- that she would not die. Doubtless, eludes many women among his biog- too, she wanted Adam to possess raphies, and Willard Done, of our something of inestimable value- own Church, wrote a little book en- the wisdom of the gods, titled Women oi the Bible. Among We must remember that Eve had interesting fictional books based on had no experience. She had not Biblical characters is Mary Borden's learned, as most of us have to learn, Mary of Nazareth. In this lesson we that disobedience brings punish- shall consider briefly but one of the ment. The promise that she would great women in the Bible. know good from evil, that she would cs RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 see as God, that she would not die- all these constituted so great a temp- tation that she could not resist it. But to understand the mature woman it is necessary to follow Eve's career outside the Garden of Eden. As Willard Done says: 'The first family was founded and the first real home established when Eve ex- claimed in triumph at the birth of Cain, *I have gotten a man from the Lord!' For the first time in the world the miracle of human birth had been experienced; and Eve was the first to know all the pain and sorrow and joy and triumph it entailed. . . . The first mother had looked with joy on her first born. The crowning triumph of her life had come, worth the sacrifice even of such a place as Eden. ''As Eve was the first to know the experience of human birth, so she was the first mother to endure the sorrow of death, and that in its most terrible form, the murder of one of her sons by the other. It seems to have been her lot to sound all the depths and reach all the heights of woman's experience, as if she had been destined to be an exemplar to her descendants by passing through all the joys, sorrows, glories, and humiliations that woman can know. Into her life were crowded the events which fulfilled the pronouncement following the fall. ... To lose her first two sons, one by violent death and the other by the punishment of exile, was to sound the lowest depths of grief and humiliation. It is dif- ficult to conceive of a greater sorrow. In her endurance of this bitterness. Eve proved herself again the heroine we have always thought her to be. And as so often happens in our griefs, the great loss was made up to her. Another son, Seth, was given her to fill, in part, the places left vacant by the murder of Abel and the exile of Cain. "And so Eve fought her fight and filled her place as the first wife and mother. ... To have been the first woman, realizing in her long and eventful life all the experiences of womanhood and earning all its re- wards, was to accomplish in its full- ness the mission of her sex. No greater appreciation of Eve or higher praise for her work can be given." We cannot help wondering if Eve even had the joy of foreseeing that through a far-off descendant would come one to redeem the world. That vision, could she have foreseen the coming of Christ from her posterity, would have been a comfort and sup- port to her through the years. Mary, the mother of Jesus, will be pre- sented in the next lesson. Study Helps 1. Contrast the character of Moses with that of Aaron. 2. Discuss the influence of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:3-17) upon history. How do they aflPect our lives to- day? 3. Who are your five favorite Biblical heroes? Why? 4. What women characters besides Eve and Mary seem particularly important to you? Why? 5. Have some member read excerpts from Ruth and Esther; the Song of De- borah, or some similar passages from the Bible. 6. "Jephthah's Daughter", or "Hagar," by N. C. Willis might be given as a drama- tic reading. References * Phelps, W. L., Human Nature in the Bible. LESSON DEPARTMENT 59 Fosdick, Harry E., The Modern Use oi Reliei Society Magazine, December the BibJe. 1915, p. 548; July 1932, p. 390. Sell, H. F., Studies of Great Bible Chai- "Paradise Lost," by Milton. acteis Mead, Frank S., Bible Biographies. ^^^'•' ^^^^/ "^^'^^^ ^^*^^ ^'^^'^^ S ' ^ =!<T^ TTrn 1 Airr . , ^ , , ^^^ "ow out of print, but those who have -^Done, Willard, Women of the Bible. access to these books will find them help Taylor, William N., Ruth and Esther. ful. > (boaai cbcience What "America'' Means Lesson 7 Growth of Political Parties in America (Tuesday, April 27, 1943) He serves his party best, who serves his country best. — Rutherford B. Hayes A thing to be remembered by every man who wishes to make his influence felt for good in our pohtics is that he must act purely as an American .... If we wish to do good work for our country, we must be unselfish, disinterested, sincerely desirous of the well-being of the commonwealth, and capable of a devoted adherence to a lofty ideal. — ^Theodore Roosevelt VyHEN George Washington was ernment and those who stood for the elected President of the United fullest possible sovereignty of the dif- States in 1789, there were no poli- ferent states; those who believed that tical parties. At the beginning of the Constitution should be inter- the Revolutionary War, the people preted as strictly as possible and had divided into Whigs and Tories, those who wished to give its clauses or Patriots and Loyalists, but the re- the widest possible interpretation, suit of the war had been final, and But on April 30, 1789, when the in- during the discussion and ratification auguration of Washington occurred, of the Constitution of the United there were no party organizations. States, there had been Federalists Washington thus had a clear field and Anti-Federalists; the adop- from which to make his appoint- tion of the Constitution, however, ments, and he believed that the pres- seemed to end the existence of the idency should not be a partisan of- latter. Nevertheless, there were fice. groups and cleavages from which When President Washington or- parties would arise in time. There ganized his cabinet, among the were the frontier and the settled prominent men that he called to of- states along the Atlantic seaboard; fice were Thomas Jefferson and Alex- the rich and the poor; the agricul- ander Hamilton, the former becom- tural and commercial classes; those ing Secretary of State and the latter, who believed in a strong central gov- Secretary of the Treasury. In the 70 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 different political theories of these principally in two political camps, two men, one discovers the cleavages which eventually emerged into our from which our two great modern major parties of today. The political political parties— Republican and parties of our national history grew Demoncrat— arose. No two men out of the devergent geographic- could have been more different, both al conditions of the country, for in character and in views as to what these conditions were conducive of government should be in the newly conflicting economic or industrial in- organized nation. Hamilton was teres ts. Cold winters and poor rock born in the West Indies and as a soil made most of the area of New young boy landed in New York with England unsuited to extensive agri- his fortune to make. He studied law culture, but the abundant water and married into a wealthy New power, proximity to the raw products York family and became a leading of the West, and the skilled labor figure in the state. He had a brilliant which that section always had, gave mind and an attractive personality, it extensive commercial and indus- Jefferson was born on the frontier in trial advantages. After the War of Virginia. While Hamilton lived 1812, aided by a high protective among the moneyed classes of New tariff, the industrial development of York, Jefferson was influenced by the New England was rapid, people of the country life. He had On the other hand, geographical complete faith in the wisdom of conditions in the South were most what we call ''the common man." favorable to the development of agri- Hamilton believed in a strong cen- culture. The Southern people al- tral government, while Jefferson be- ways complained that the tariff laws lieved that government should be of the Government not only re- left to the people within their respec- stricted trade in the South, but in- tive states as far as possible. Hamil- creased the price of manufactured ton stood for a high protective tariff, goods. Then, too, the cotton indus- a tax to protect the manufacturing try of the Southern States fostered industries of America. Jefferson be- the growth of negro slavery, an in- lieved that the tax or tariff on foreign stitution which the Northern States goods made articles more expensive, came to abhor. Each section, there- and he radically opposed any tax on fore, was eager for political power, foreign goods. One can readily see and during the years from 1789, that three great problems soon con- when our Government was organ- fronted the American people. They ized, down to the Civil War (1861- were: (1) Shall negro slavery be 1865), great statesmen lived to fight eliminated? (2) Shall a high protec- courageously for the political ideals tive tariff be maintained on im- which they held to be right. Such ported goods? (3) Do the individual men were Daniel Webster, John C. states have rights and powers over Calhoun, Henry Clay, Andrew Jack- and above those granted by the Fed- son, Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. eral Government? Douglas, Jefferson Davis, and many Along these lines the American others. It has been said that "the people took sides, and were grouped history of political parties in Amer- LESSON DEPARTMENT 71 ica is a history of great statesmen, who though differing with their col- leagues stood shoulder to shoulder in demanding that they be in very truth Americans/' A BRIEF survey will help the read- er to understand the history of the two major parties in our political development. From Thomas Jeffer- son's administration (1801-9) to 1825, the Democratic-Republicans were in power. They followed pretty much the policies of Jefferson. In 1825, this party dropped the name Republican, and took the name of Jacksonian Democrats, after Andrew Jackson. A new party was formed to oppose Jackson, which in 1830 took the name of Whigs. From 1830 to 1850, when slavery, states rights, and the tariff became bones of contention, the Whig Party grad- ually grew in power, and out of it came the Republican Party, which elected Abraham Lincoln in i860. The differences between the in- terests of the Southern States and those of the Northern States were partly settled by the War of the Re- bellion, and since the restoration of the nine states which seceded in 1861, there has steadily grown a bet- ter understanding of peoples living in different sections of our country. Since the Civil War, the most im- portant phase of the development of our country has been our wide- spread activities in industry, which have revolutionized manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, and min- ing. A great machine age has changed our social lives. The power supplied by man's muscle or by that of his domestic animals has been sup- plemented by steam, electricity, and gasoline. The use of this power aided in the production of great wealth, for manufacturing plants grew in size and were consolidated into larger industries. Trusts were organized; and, because of their ten- dency to monopolize the industries, the Government found it necessary to attempt legislation. In the larger factories, thousands of laborers were employed, each of whom was engaged in some detailed process of production in which ex- pensive machinery was used. This caused the control of industry to pass from the hands of the worker and led labor to organize. Following the war between the North and the South, high tariffs have enabled great industrial corporations to de- velop more rapidly. Organized labor sought to increase wages, reduce hours of employment, and secure better sanitary conditions. Here you have the foundation for the differences of opinion between capital and labor. We learn a useful lesson in the study of political parties in our na- tional history. Every man who wishes well of his country is in honor bound to take an active interest in political life. A man who wishes to do good in his community may do so by go- ing into active political life. One can always find men who are desirous of good government, and who if they act together, become at once a pow- er on the side of righteousness. One word more. It concerns our present problems. The present is an introduction to the future. A present problem left unsolved will ripen into a future crisis. With near- ly all the world ablaze, it will require the American people to give to their 72 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 country a united support in conquer- ing those powers that are deter- mined to destroy all that is sacred and secure in our democracy. Questions and Topics ioi Discussion Note: An ordinary manual or one- \olume history of the United States will give brief information on the history of political parties. In your class work, talk over some of the important subjects sug- gested in this lesson. They are: 1 . Why were the American people prac- tically united in their social and political lives at the time of the American Revolu- tion? 2. While there were no political parties at the time of Washington's election to the presidency, discuss the lines of political thought as expressed in the lives of Hamil- ton and Jefferson. 3. Give all the reasons you can why the Southern States were different from the Northern States in industry, social life, and political thought up to the time of the Civil War. 4. It has been said that the political history of a nation may be studied in the lives of the nation's great political charac- ters. Explain this saying. 5. Find out something about the minor parties that have influenced something of our history; for example. The Prohibition Party, the Know-Nothing Party, the Pro- gressive or Bull Moose Party. 6. On what great issue was Abraham Lincoln elected to the presidency of the United States? 7. Since the Civil War, how has Amer- ica changed in its industrial, social, and political history? References Any one-volume history of the United States will be your best help. Channing, History of the United States. Fiske, The American Revolution. Babcock, Pdse oi American Nationality. Elson, History oi the United States. Nicolay, Our Nation in the Building. Walker, Making oi the Nation. Weertenbaker and Smith, The United States oi America. Faulkner, American Economic History. Chadwick, Causes oi the Civil War. Note: If you are not able to answer all the questions or subjects mentioned, re- member it takes much close study for a long time to answer satisfactorily to your- self many questions in our political his- tory. > (general ^Presidents of Uxelief Society (For optional use of Relief Societies in countries other than the United States, in lieu of social science lessons.) Louise Yates Robison Seventh Reliei Society President Lesson 7 (Tuesday, April 27, 1943) lyf ORMON colonization has been were strong— strong in muscle and characterized by the quality of sinew, in intelligence, in righteous- the Saints who conquered the new ness and faith. Such people were wastes. Those men and women Thomas and Ehzabeth Yates, an LESSON DEPARTMENT 73 English couple who helped to found Scipio, a small town in Millard County, Utah. Their daughter, Louise, was born May 27, 1866, while an Indian up- rising was at its height. When the baby was five days old, neighbors lifted the bed containing mother and babe into a wagon, which they pulled into a stockade of logs that was also their meetinghouse. The Indians had killed three men of the small colony and had driven off all the horses and cattle. The Yates family survived these depredations as well as the hard labor which the primitive conditions required. Despite her years of toil, Mrs. Yates retained the gentility and re- finement native to her character. Louise, like her mother, possessed the traits of a gentlewoman. She grew to be tall, slender, dignified and graceful She was pleasant, soft- spoken, and mild of utterance. As a girl, Louise helped to wash, spin, weave, and dye woolen materi- als for her dresses. She knitted stockings, braided straw hats, and made flower trimmings. Louise Robison sometimes recalls the ex- citement in Scipio when President Brigham Young once visited there. The children wanted to strew flowers in his pathway, but blossoms were scarce. In the gardens they were lacking, although some house plants were in bloom. Louise stripped her mother's plants at the feet of the President. Brother Yates was bishop of Sci- pio, and his wife was Relief Society president of Millard Stake. Louise grew up in the wholesome atmos- phere of a Latter-day Saint home, with the Relief Society influence its dominant note. The family life was inseparably bound up with Church and community activities. Aiding her mother and the Relief Society, Louise gleaned wheat, gathered Sun- day eggs to be sold for wheat money, helped the sick and unfortunate. The love of humanity and the spirituality she thus developed are the two out- standing qualities which she brought to the Relief Society presidency, and which were magnified with her years of service. For a time Louise studied at the Brigham Young University in Provo. She was a beautiful girl, and while quite young she married Joseph Ly- man Robison, a member of another pioneering family, and a man of fine character. At first the pair lived in southern Utah, then they made a lovely home for their growing family in Provo. Later, they moved to Salt Lake City. They had four daughters and two sons. The girls married and devoted themselves to their homes. The oldest son, Harold, is a promin- ent physician in Los Angeles, while Rulon, a singer, teaches at the fam- ous New England Conservatory of Music. CISTER ROBISON worked first in the Mutual Improvement As- sociation, then on the Granite Stake Relief Society Board, where she be- came counselor to the president. Brother Robison cooperated and en- couraged his wife to do the Church work for which she was in demand. During World War I, Louise Robison became a Red Cross in- structor and supervisor in the sur- gical dressings department. For out- standing services, she was honored 74 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— JANUARY 1943 with the emblem of the Red Cross, eloquence, kindliness, her remark- a beautiful pin. able memory for names and faces, In 1921, President Heber }. Grant her personal interest in Relief So- called Sister Robison to be second ciety workers— all have made her a counselor to Sister Clarissa S. Wil- most welcome visitor, liams, the new general president of At a World Congress of Women Relief Society. Sitting in the audi- in Chicago, while the World's Fair ence when her name was presented, was open, the president of the Na- she was almost overcome with sur- tional Council of Women, Lena M. prise. Phillips, appointed Mrs. Robison to Because of her sympathetic nature preside at one session, which was at- and her exquisite needlework. Sister tended by hundreds of women from Robison was made chairman of the all over the world. When a delegate important burial-clothes department to the International Council of of the General Board. Able to ex- Women in Paris, France, Mrs. Robi- press condolence in a delicate, tact- son by request represented Lena M. ful maner, she was a genuine com- Phillips at two meetings of the inter- fort to the bereaved. national presidents. Only the proper- Sister Robison took a special in- ^Y accredited women were admitted, terest in home beautification, and While in Europe, Sister Robison through her enthusiasm and under visited Relief Societies in some of the Society's direction trees and the branches in England, Belgium, shrubs were planted and homes were Holland, Switzerland, and Germany, improved. ' Many of the Saints still hold her In view of Sister Robison's inter- ^i^it in precious remembrance, est in furthering human welfare and Sister Robison sponsored institutes happiness, she was chosen to repre- in social welfare to teach Relief So- sent the Relief Society at two con- ciety women better methods of car- ferences of the Travelers Aid So- ing for the poor, ciety and at three National Conven- During Sister Robison's presi- tions of Social Workers, appearing dency a notable event occurred. A on the program at one of them. Her monument was erected by the Relief reports of her attendance at 'the Society at Nauvoo, Illinois, to mark White House Conferences for Chil- the site where Relief Society was or- dren breathe love and sympathy and ganized March 27, 1842. This monu- a longing for improved conditions ment is of stone, four by eight feet, for the nation's young. surmounted by two bronze tablets In 1928, Sister Robison was ap- giving historical data of Relief So- pointed general president of Relief ciety. At the dedication ceremony, Society. She has traveled widely in July 26, 1933, hundreds of people the stakes and missions of America sat under spreading locusts, or stood and in the missions of Europe, carry- nearby. Mr. W. D. Chenery of Illi- ing messages of gladness, stirring nois wrote in a newspaper there that people's hearts, arousing love and "^^s. Louise Y. Robison, presided enthusiasm for the Gospel and its over the ceremonial with a gracious- work. Her grace of manner, natural ness and tact that might be the emu- LESSON DEPARTMENT 75 lation of chairmen the world over." Another writer commented that her pleasing manner and ready wit caught the crowd. Another important project en- couraged by Sister Robison, and one which became a very popular phase of Relief Society work in America and in the foreign missions, was the development of Singing Mothers' choruses. Sister Robison has done much temple work during her life— a work that has been for years one of her major satisfactions. The spiritual side of the Gospel appeals to her na- ture. Late in 1939, when the Gener- al Boards of Relief Society and Pri- mary were reorganized, Sister Robi- son and her Board were honorably released. She was then asked to be an ordinance worker in the Salt Lake Temple, and took much pleasure in fulfilling that call. She is at present actively engaged in Relief Society work in San Francisco Stake. She accepts many invitations to speak in w^rds and stakes. Sister Robison and her Board inaugurated the four- year Relief Society membership campaign and carried it forward for two years. Her interest in this project continued throughout the campaign. The true spirit of the Gospel emerges in her voice and shines forth in her countenance. References Handbook oi Relief Society, p. 129 et passim Centenary of Relief Society, p. 13, et passim Relief Society Magazine, July 1921, p. 381; December 1928, p. 652; January 1929, pp. 3, 22; July 1929, p. 360; January 1930, p. 27; March 1930, p. 123; June 1933, p. p. 44; May 1939, p. 311; February 1940, P- 77 Pictures: Handbook of Relief Society, p. 108 Centenary of Relief Society, p. 13 et passim Relief Society Magazine, July 1921, p. 384; September 1933, p. 540; March 1934, 382; June 1924, p. 272; January 1929, p. 2; p. 167; July 1934, p. 442; September 1934, June 1930, p. 308; March 1932, p. 130; p. 555; June 1935, p. 375; January 1937, February 1940, p. 76 > Justice Is a Group Affair (Continued from page 33) Mr. Peterson cleared his throat again. 'Tet me see your report card, Judith," he said. She gave it to him. ''Why, there's a mistake here. How is that?" He used an eraser and a pen and handed the card back. A "G" was written where the 'T" had been. "Oh, thanks!" Judith gulped and ran to her seat. Mr. Peterson looked hard at a book. Edna turned abrupt- ly and walked out of the room, her back a rigid exclamation point of triumph and disgust. Judith caught a glimpse of her face as she turned to close the door. It was grey-white like snow in shadow. The group in the rear broke up, and Judith moved outside, too. No one wanted to talk. Afterwards the schoolroom was different. Mr. Peterson's attitude was impersonal, and a whole new world opened wide. There was so much to learn and so little time! 76 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE-JANUARY 1943 Life grew exciting and happy again. Soon the feeHng of expectancy, which was spring, rose on the air; and the hillside, still clothed in the shaggy grass of the autumn before, began to push through the snow. When the windows were open, Ju- dith could hear the first water-song coming up from the sunny side of the bridge where the creek was creeping out of its cold, hard cover- ing and bubbling over with freedom. The linnets alighted in the nearby trees and tossed up their tinkling notes: ''Happy greeting! Happy greeting!'' And there was a fresh, clean smell in the air as of rain- washed leaves or newly-laundered curtains. Then, suddenly, it was May; the Maypole dance was over, the pas- ture rolling down toward the creek from the schoolyard fence was warm and green and dotted with brassy little buttons of dandelions, and the final examinations were just around the corner. Now Judith sat on the summer grass remembering Edna Silver. . . Justice is a group affair, justice for everybody, and everybody's con- cern. . . . Some folks unkind, but more who were selfless and lovable and great. . . Edna Silver. All these were hers in a wonderful countrv; and she had thought it was a new dress that mattered, but Edna had known. Her heart was packed to bursting with unformed dreams. > cJhis I Light Mabel /ones Gahhott How beautiful this twilight hour! The day Is done. In roseate blue and gold and pink Apollo's fiery chargers seem to sink Beyond our small world's rim and speed away. Then softly, silently night closes in. The stilled sweet hush of ending day is near; Warm lights in little windows now appear, Dispelling shadows, 'circling joy within. And yet beyond the tinted line of sky And earth, beyond the sunset's afterglow, Great war clouds gather, flinging wild and high. Their dark and somber silhouettes of woe. Our dusk falls peacefully and calm this ni^ht; God grant our sunrise may be clear and bright. Otorion Vacuum Tube Hearing Aid is: • Light weight • Smail size • Dependabie • f con om/col •A in A accepted •Noiseless • Incoaspicuous • Guaranteed Rent an Otarion at low cost* applied to purchase price. DEALER'S NAME HEAR WITH O/ar/0/7 OTARION OF SALT LAKE Donald G. Lyman Telephone 512 Mclntyre Bldg. 5-4036 Salt Lake City, Utah "L. D. S. TRAINING PAYS!" In PRIVATE IMSTIiy or 1x1 GOVERNMENT OTEICES- — you can serve better if you have been trained profes- sionally for the job. Ask for our "Bulletin of Information" L D. S. BUSINESS COLLEGE Salt Lake City, Utah MORMON HANDICRAFT ^ift Shjop^ . . . 21 West South Temple Street Salt Lake City, Utah [Kare cHanci' 1 1 Lade (^ifts QUALITY ONLY HANDS CAN PRODUCE GENUINE WATER-COLOR PICTURES— APRONS THAT ARE DIFFERENT— UNIQUE PIONEER DOLLS— HAND-KNIT SWEAT- ERS—BEAUTIFUL QUILTS— UNUSUAL ARTICLES IN FELT- RUGS, AND MANY OTHER LOVELY GIFTS Sponsored by RELIEF SOCIETY GENERAL BOARD When Buying Mention Relief Society Magazine ciiater P in an C^narodSina yy ¥•" .... comes the New Yecrr. In that "chap- ter" we all will record something that will, in total, make up the continuation of that ''engrossing story." Those in high places will contribute mightily; those in more hum- ble stations will have their parts, each according to his works. For our part, as printers, we are resolved to serve our many clients, within the limits imposed by difficult times, better than re- quired; to deliver more than the contract calls for. THE DESERET NEWS PRESS 29 Richards Street Salt Lake City, Utah When Buying Mention Relief Society Magazine FEBRUARY, 1943 VOL. 30 NO. 2 LESSONS FOR MAY cJhe Lyover GEORGE WASHINGTON 'T^HE cover picture for this issue of the Magazine is a repro- duction of a portrait by Gilbert Stuart. The following interesting description of the physical ap- pearance of George Washington was written by a friend, George Mercer, in 1760. ''As straight as an Indian, measuring six feet two inches in his stockings and weighing 175' pounds. . . . His frame is padded with well-developed muscles, indicating great strength. His bones and joints are large. . . . He is wide shouldered, ... is neat waisted, but is broad across the hips, and has rather long arms and legs. His head is well shaped though not large, but is gracefully poised on a superb neck. A large and straight rather than a prominent nose; blue-gray penetrating eyes, which are widely separated, and overhung by a heavy brow. His face is long rather than broad, with high, round cheek bones, and terminates in a good firm chin. He has a clear though rather a colorless pale skin, which burns with the sun. A pleasing, benevolent, though a commanding countenance, dark brown hair, which he wears in a cue. His mouth is large and generally firmly closed. . . . His features are regular and placid, with all the muscles of his face under perfect control, though flexible and expressive of deep feeling when moved by emotion. In conversation he looks you full in the face, is deliberate, deferential, and engaging. His voice is agreeable rather than strong. His demeanor at all times composed and dignified. His movements and gestures are graceful, his walk majestic, and he is a splendid horseman." Cover arrangements by Evan lensen. The Relief Society Magazine Monthly Publication of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints RELIEF SOCIETY GENERAL BOARD Amy Brown Lyman Marcia K. Howells Belle S. Spafford Vera W. Pohlman - . President First Counselor Second Counselor - Secretary-Treasurer Donna D. Sorensen Vivian R. McConkio Leda T. Jensen Rae B. Barker Nellie O. Parker Editor Acting Business Manager Anna S. Barlow Achsa E. Paxman Mary G. Judd Luella N. Adams Marianne C. Sharp RELIEF SOCIETY Anna B. Hart Gertrude R. Garff Leona F. Wintch Edith S. Elliott Pauline T. Pingree MAGAZINE Alice B. Castleton Priscilla L. Evans Florence J. Madsen Ann P. Nibley Belle S. Spafford Amy Brown Lyman Vol. 30 FEBRUARY 1943 No. 2 SPECIAL FEATURES Tribute to Washington — Daniel Webster Back of Frontispiece Lucy Mack Smith Frontispiece Lucy Mack Smith (Description, of Picture) 79 Lucy Mack Smith Preston Nibley 80' Brotherhood Elder Harold B. Lee 84 George D. Pyper Milton Bennion 93 To Marry or Not To Marry In Time of War Harold T. Christensen 94 Gardening For Victory Hazel D. Moyle 100 How Grownup Are You? Mark Allen 106 Amy Brown Lyman Honored Marcia K. Howells 110 Planned Spring Cleaning Gertrude R. Garff 116 Flag Etiquette 118 • 'In God We Trust" ..- 149 FICTION Silent Strings — Second Prize, Short Story Contest Blanche Kendall McKey 88 The Road Builder Rita Skousen Miller 103 GENERAL FEATURES Woman's Sphere Ramona W. Cannon 111 Editorial: Our Liberty and Responsibilities Belle S. Spafford 112 Picture Presented to General Board 113 Notes to the Field: Food Production and Processing Program 114 Anniversary Day Program 1 14 New Serial — "Tomorrow's Cup" 115 Acknowledgement 115 Notes From the Field General Secretary-Treasurer Vera W. Pohlman 121 LESSONS Theology and Testimony — Revelation, Past, Present, and Future 129 Visiting Teachers'— The Spirit of the Good Neighbor 132 Work-and-Business — Substitutes - 133 Literature — Great Themes In Bible Literature 136 Social Science — Shrines and Monuments 141 General Presidents of Relief Society — Amy Brown Lyman 144 POETRY No Priorities Dott J. Sartori 83 Shadows Roberta Bates 92 Confession - Ruth Louise Partridge 99 Superfine Elsie E. Barrett 105 Human Equation Bertha A. Kleinman 115 W'ar Boneta LeBeau 148 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE GENERAL BOARD OF RELIEF SOCIETY Editorial and Business Offices: 28 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, Phone 3-2741, Ex. 243. Subscription Price: $1.00 a year; foreign, $1.00 a year; payable in advance. Single copy, 10c. The Magazine is not sent after subscription expires. Renew promptly so that no copies will be missed. Report change of address at once, giving both old and new address. Entered as second-class matter February 18, 1914, at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 8, 1917, authorized June 29, 1918. Stamps should accompany manu- scripts for their return. MAGAZINE CIRCULATION 57,000 (^eorge vi/ashington February 22, 1732 - - - December 14, 1799 TRIBUTE BY DANIEL WEBSTER "That man is intimately blended with what- ever belongs most essentially Xo the prosperity, the liberty, the free institutions, and the renown of our country. That name was of power to rally a nation, in the hour of thick-thronging public disasters and calamities; that name shone, amid the storm of war a beacon light, to cheer and guide the country's friends; it flamed, too, like a meteor, to repel her foes. The name, in the days of peace, was a load- stone, attracting to itself a whole people's con- fidence, a whole people's love, and the whole world's respect. That name, descending with all time, spreading over the whole earth, and uttered in all the languages belonging to the tribes and races of men, will forever be pro- nounced with affectionate gratitude by every- one in whose breast there shall arise an aspira- tion for human rights and human liberty. . . . America has furnished to the world the char- acter of Washington! And if our American institutions had done nothing else, that alone would have entitled them to the respect of mankind." '-A- ', 4>^ IEIBILnilIf^^^@®(BnB1Tg ^ ' - ^^-'^'^•^ r .. ,... ^ VOL. 30, No. 2 MAGAZINE FEBRUARY 1943 Lucy Mack Smith 'T^HE Magazine presents as its frontispiece a black and white copy of a colored drawing of Lucy Mack Smith, mother of the Prophet Joseph Smith. The colored drawing, in size about fifteen by twenty-four inches, was presented to the Relief Society by Elder George Albert Smith at the meeting of the Relief Society General Board held Wednesday, January 13, 1943. The circumstances surrounding the discovery of this valuable picture are very interesting. In September 1942, Elder George Albert Smith, in company with Elder Preston Nibley, stopped off on their way West to visit Nauvoo, Illinois, and nearby places connected with Church history. After visiting in Carthage, the brethren traveled thirteen miles to Colchester to call on the only living grandchild of Lucy Mack Smith and Joseph Smith, Sr., the parents of the Prophet Joseph Smith. This grandchild, Mrs. Clara Hendel, a lady eighty-one years old, is a daughter of the Prophet Joseph's youngest sister, Lucy Smith Milliken. On inquiry from Brother Nibley concerning pictures of members of her family, she showed a colored drawing of Lucy Mack Smith to these gentlemen, which she explained she had found among her mother's effects. Elder George Albert Smith assured the members of the family that he would greatly appreciate having a copy of the picture. They replied that they would procure a copy and mail it to him. A colored copy was received by Elder Smith in November, which is the picture he has so graciously pre- sented to the Relief Society. The Relief Society is very appreciative of the gift and is happy to have a picture of this very remarkable mother, Lucy Mack Smith, who joined the Relief Society at its second meeting and gave counsel and support to the Society while it remained in Nauvoo. Note the Book of Mormon which Lucy Mack Smith holds in her hand, and the picture on the wall above her head of the Facsimile from The Book of Abraham, Pearl of Great Price. The picture was perhaps made during the nine years between 1846- 1855. Elder Nibley is of the opinion that it was made during the time she resided with her daughter, Lucy Milliken, as it was found in the possession of Mrs. Milliken's daughter, Mrs. Clara Hendel. Page 79 Lucy Mack Smith — Mother of the Prophet Preston Nibley MOTHERHOOD is said to be ding dowry she was presented with the greatest honor that can be a check for $1,000 by her brother bestowed upon womankind in Stephen and his business partner, this world. The act of bringing forth Life began favorably for Joseph and an immortal spirit, clothed with a Lucy Smith, yet little did they mortal body, is a woman's crowning dream of the strange and extraordi- achievement. Comparatively few nary events which were before them, women are denied this accomplish- events which were to lift their names ment. But only once in many hun- from obscurity into undying fame, dreds of years is the privilege given Economically Joseph and Lucy to a woman to become the mother Smith were not to prosper in this of a mighty prophet of God, whose world. Through misfortune they life and labors are to change the des- soon lost their farm, and for a num- tiny of a waiting world. Such an ber of years they became tenant honor was bestowed upon Lucy farmers in New Hampshire and Ver- Mack Smith, whose new-found por- mont. It was while renting a farm trait is reproduced as the frontis- ^om Mrs. Smith's father, Solomon piece in this issue of The Relief So^- Mack, in Sharon Township, Ver- cfety Magazine. mont, that their fourth child and It was on July 8, 1776, that a third son was born, named Joseph, daughter was born to Solomon and Jr- Lydia Mack, prosperous farming Failing to reestablish themselves people of Gilsum, New Hampshire, in Vermont, Joseph Smith moved In the home of these good parents his family to western New York in Lucy was reared, with all the refine- 1815, and located at Palmyra. Here ment and culture known to the in- and in the adjacent vicinity they re- habitants of western New England mained for fifteen years. Here the at that time. Before she had reached boy Joseph announced his First Vi- her twentieth birthday, Lucy had sion in the spring of 1820; here he met and married a young farmer told of the visit of the angel Moroni from Tunbridge, Vermont, named and the finding of the sacred rec- Joseph Smith. Joseph has been de- ord, and here the Book of Mormon scribed to us as a tall, athletic, young was printed. man, an able and willing worker, Lucy Smith and her husband be- kind and considerate, ''opening his came the first believers in the vi- house to all who were needy and sions and revelations which were destitute." Lucy has told us that at vouchsafed to their youthful son. the time of her marriage her hus- And with unsurpassed loyalty and band "owned a handsome farm." devotion they stood by him in all She has also related that as a wed- his efforts to found ''the Church and Page 80 LUCY MACK SMITH 81 Kingdom of God." They endured you, mother;' and while his sister all manner- of persecution: the scorn Lucy was pressing a kiss on his hand, of the world, loss of friends, loss of the wagon dashed off."(Jenson, An- property, and physical persecution, drew, L.D.S. Biographical EncycJo- such as being forced to leave their pedia. Vol. i. p. 691) home in Missouri in the midst of Qn September 14, 1840, at Nau- winter and flee across the snow-clad ^^^^ Illinois, in the seventieth year of prairies to Illinois. Yet not once did i^j^ jifg^ the good father died, 'worn they complain; not once did they q^^^ ^y the exposures he had suffered lose faith in the divine calling of {-^ Missouri." Lucy Smith was now their son. left without the companionship of When the Prophet was taken by ''a tender and loving husband." Yet the mob in Missouri in October, further misfortunes were to come to 1838, he was almost immediately her. In the summer of 1841, her sentenced to be shot. ''Several guns youngest son, Don Carlos, died after were fired, and the heartbroken par- a brief illness. Three years later, there ents supposed that the bloody work occurred at Carthage, Illinois, the was accomplished." Mother Smith tragic murder of her sons Joseph and thus describes these moments: "Mr. Hyrum. Her poignant grief and sor- Smith, folding his arms tight across row at this time are well expressed in his heart cried out, 'Oh my God! My her own words: God! they have killed my son! They 'q ^as swallowed up in the depth have murdered him, and I must die, of my afflictions," she writes, "and for I cannot live without him." though my soul was filled with sor- Through some strange miracle the row past imagination, yet I was lives of Joseph and Hyrum were dumb, until I arose again to con- spared at this time. They were car- template the spectacle before me. ried to Richmond for trial and from Oh! at that moment how my mind thence to Liberty. "At their depart- flew through every scene of sorrow ure from Far West, the heart-strick- and distress which we had passed to- en mother pressed through the gether, in which they had shown the crowd to the wagon containing her innocence and sympathy»which filled sons, exclaiming: 'I am the mother their guileless hearts. As I looked of the Prophet: is there not a gentle- upon their peaceful, smiling coun- man here who will assist me to that tenances, I seemed almost to hear wagon, that I may take a last look at them say, 'Mother, weep not for us, my children, and speak to them once we have overcome the world by love; more before I die?' With her daugh- we carried to them the Gospel, that ter Lucy, she gained the wagon and their souls might be saved; they slew grasped Joseph's hand, which was us for our testimony and thus placed thrust between the cover and the us beyond their power; their ascend- wagon-bed, but he spoke not to her ency is for a moment, ours is an etern- until she said: 'Joseph, do speak to al triumph.' " (Smith, Lucy, Joseph your poor mother once more. I can- Smith the Prophet, p. 278) Joseph not bear to go until I hear your voice.' the Prophet and Hyrum the Patriarch At this he sobbed out: 'God bless will never have a more sincere and 82 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 inspiring tribute than this, gi^en to ly. There were comparatively few in them by their dear old mother as she the assembly who were acquainted stood beside their coffins in the with her family. She was the mother Mansion House at Nauvoo that June of ten children, seven of whom were day in 1844. boys. She raised them in the fear As if she had not suffered suf- and love of God, and never was there ficiently in the loss of her husband a more obedient family. She warned and three grown sons in the short parents that they were accountable space of four years, Mrs. Smith was for their children's conduct; advised called upon to part with another son, them to give them books and work Samuel Harrison, less than five weeks to keep them from idleness; warned after the death of Joseph and Hy rum. all to be full of love, goodness and In fleeing from the mob at Carthage kindness, and never to do in secret, he had overexerted himself. In a what they would not do in the pres- few weeks he fell ill and died. ence of millions. She wished to Of the six sons Mrs. Smith had know of the congregation whether reared to maturity, only one now re- they considered her a mother in mained, William, who had shown Israel? (upon which President Brig- himself to be the least capable of ham Young said, 'All who consider rendering aid and assistance to her. mother Smith as a mother in Israel, Such was the fate of this good signify it by saying 'yes." ' One uni- woman. versal yes' rang throughout.) She AT the last General Conference remarked that it was just eighteen ^ of the Church held in Nauvoo, Pi' T'^ ^""'^^ Smith the Prophet in October 1845, after President had become acquamted with the Brigham Young and the members of "^"^"^^^ ^^ *" P^ f ^ ^"^ ^^"^ ^^ ! the Quorum of the Twelve had de- "^""^'^ manner related over the most cided to lead the Latter-day Saints prominent points m the early history to a new home in the West, Mrs. ""^^^ ^"^^^^^ their hardships trials, Smith asked the privilege of address- Pf^^tions, persecu ions sufferings ir^rr ..^^ ^c *.-u^ ^4.- T /: J i.T- etc., some parts or which melted mg one of the meetings. I find the ^ i, 1, j i, i. 1. n cJ\^ • • i-T, T 7 TT- X those who heard her to tears .... tollowmg in the Joumal History: t^ i 1 . • r i "Mother Lucy Smith, the aged and Regarding the migration of the honored parent of Joseph Smith, hav- ^^'"*^ westward, she contmued : ing expressed a wish to say a few ''I feel the Lord will let Brother words to the congregation, she was Brigham take the people away. Here invited upon the stand. She spoke ^ this city lie my dead, my husband at considerable length, and in an and children; and if it so be the rest audible manner, so as to be heard by of niy children go with you— and I a large portion of the vast assembly, would to God they may all go— they She commenced by saying that she will not go without me; and if I go, was truly glad that the Lord had let I want my bones brought back in her see so large a congregation. She case I die away, and deposited with had a great deal of advice to give, but niy husband and children:" Brother Brigham Young had done Here President Young interrupted the errand; he had fixed it complete- to say: LUCY MACK SMITH 83 ''Mother Smith proposes a thing It is difficult for us to understand which rejoices my heart: she will go what thoughts passed through Moth- with us. I can answer for the authori- er Smith's mind during the last years ties of the Church; we want her and of her life. She had been the first her children to go with us; and I to listen to the story of the visions pledge myself in behalf of the of her son; she had witnessed the authorities of the Church, that while organization of the Church and its we have anything, they shall share rise; she had followed the Saints in with us .... I pledge myself, if moth- all of their trials and difficulties and er Smith goes with us and I outlive persecutions; as the mother of the her, I will do my best to bring her Prophet, she was always respected bones back again, and deposit them and honored by the Saints. Then with her children, and I want to with swiftness came the events in know if this people are willing to en- Nauvoo : the death of her husband, ter into a covenant to do the same?'' the death of her four sons, and the (There was a unanimous vote favor- removal of the great body of the able to President Young's request.) Saints westward. It is well known that Mother^ Her last years were spent with her Smith, in spite of her expressed wish family. There was no congregation on this occasion, did not make the of Saints with which she could journey westward with the Saints, mingle; there was no preaching of Perhaps she was dissuaded therefrom inspired prophets which she could by her son, her three daughters, and hear. And yet she held fast to her the Prophet's v^fe, Emma— all of belief and her testimony. No truer whom remained behind. She lived Latter-day Saint ever lived than this nine years after the Saints evacuated good mother of the Prophet Joseph Nauvoo in the spring of 1846, and Smith. She was loyal to him in life we know little of her history. Brother and in death. In the portrait used Andrew Jenson has written that she as a frontispiece for this issue of the spent seven years of this time at the Magazine she is shown holding the home of her youngest daughter Lucy Book of Mormon in her hand, and Smith Milliken, and the remaining she looks fearlessly and calmly into two years with the Prophet's wife, the future, with the firm assurance Emma, in her comfortable home at that this sacred record and the reve- Nauvoo, where Lucy Mack Smith lations given to her gifted son are died on May 5, 1855. God's revealed truth. > • NO PRIORITIES Dott J. Saitoii The ermine coat on the hills is threadbare. Pine boughs rip at its shirred white yoke, The hem is torn and the sleeves are missing- The hills can be careless with last year's cloak. Brotherhood Elder Harold B. Lee Member of the Council of the Twelve IN sacred Jewish writings a parable is told of a man who saw in the distance an object that he sup- posed was a beast. As the object drew nearer he saw it was a man, and as it came still nearer he ex- claimed, ''It is my brother." Seldom do we see as the beast the man we really understand, for with closer as- sociation and a clearer understand- ing of the impulses and the circum- stances that impel men to action we become more tolerant and more for- giving. If we could but learn the lesson taught by that parable there surely would be less of misunderstanding and of faultfinding, less of hatred and contention, less of strife and of bloodshed, but more of sympathy and forgiveness extended toward him who errs. The word ''brotherhood" in com- mon usage suggests a society or a fraternity of individuals or of groups banded together for a common pur- pose. More often than otherwise such purpose is selfish and the bene- fits of the society are limited to only those who comprise the group, and frequently the objective of the society, if achieved, works to the dis- advantage or to the actual detriment of those outside of that brotherhood. Whether it be of individuals or of nations the principle is the same. We see before us today the awful spectacle of a devastating war be- tween groups of nations, bound to each other within their own allied Page 84 councils by solemn agreements, prompted not by mutual respect or admiration for each other, but im- pelled by a fear of each other or by a hope for selfish gains as the result and in the event of ultimate victory to their side. It should be clear to any thinking person that the promotion of such "brotherhoods" so-called, usually only serves to perpetuate strife, and that decisions arrived at between such groups are dictated by the force of might rather than on the basis of justice and equity. The estab- lishment of a peace in the world that will be everlasting and so much to be desired will be possible if and when mankind can unite together in some kind of a fraternity where such broth- erly relationships are characterized by love and affection. Some time ago there appeared in the New York Times a scholarly ar- ticle prepared by a conference of eminent Catholic bishops entitled "Pronouncement by Catholic Bish- ops on Church and Social Welfare." The article dealt with the contend- ing views of capital and labor and boldly criticized each faction for the evident selfishness and short-sighted- ness in their present plans and poli- cies. Then it outlined a suggested course to be followed in order to overcome the conflicting views that presently exist. Here are the con- cluding words: "There must be a reform of morals and a profound re- newal of Christian spirit. ... To BROTHERHOOD 85 do that it is argued that our eco- nomic Hfe must be reorganized, and selfishness must be replaced by jus- tice and charity." The answer of the Master to the question, ''Master, which is the great commandment in the law?'' runs to the same conclusion. "J^^^^ s^i^ unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great command- ment. And the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." (Matt. 22:36-39) A brotherhood that seeks to es- tablish the common good is but as ''sounding brass or a tinkling cym- bal" except it be founded upon the divine principle of love of God and our neighbor as ourselves. One who says he loves God and is a fol- lower of Jesus and yet hates his brother is false to himself and be- fore the world, for no one can love God whom he has not seen and yet love not his brother whom he has seen. (I John 4:20.) The truest evidence that one loves God is that he keeps His commandments. (I John 2:3-4.) ^^^ ^^ ^^^ loving of one's neighbor is the "second great commandment" then a brotherly re- lationship with our fellow men must be the measure of one's Christian standing. The logic of this reason- ing is amply supported by the scrip- tures where the Lord is declared to be "the God of the Spirits of all flesh" (Numbers 27:16), and is com- pared as the Father of our spirits to the fathers of our flesh to whom we give reverence. (Heb. 12:9.) Such a conception of the Fatherhood of God declares also a universal broth- erhood of man. In such a family relationship, a love of a son for the Father and yet hatred of that son for others of his Father's offspring is hardly conceivable to the reason- ing mind. To understand that man is created in the image of God is a soul-stirring contemplation, and every soul that hath this hope in him purifieth himself. (I John 3:3.) But what is necessary for one to discharge his responsibility toward his fellow men? This same question was undoubtedly in the mind of the lawyer who asked Jesus "And who is my neighbor?" In reply Jesus gave a parable (Luke 10:30-37): And Jesus answering said, A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his raiment, and wounded him, and de- parted, leaving him half dead. And by chance there came down a cer- tain priest that way: and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. And likewise a Levite, when he was at the place, came and looked on him, and passed by on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he had compassion on him. And went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. And on the morrow when he departed, he took out two pence, and gave them to the host, and said unto him. Take care of him; and whatsoever thou spendest more, when I come again, I will repay thee. Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was neighbor unto him that fell among the thieves? And he said. He that shewed mercy on him. Then said Jesus unto him. Go, and do thou likewise. The moral of the Master's lesson is clear: He only is neighhoi who does good to him who is in need. 86 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 Thy Neighbor Here, in such communities, without hindrance or molestation from those Who is thy neighbor? He whom thou ^^q refuse to accept fellowship in Hast power to aid or bless. ^^^ Church and Kingdom of God, it Whose aching heart or burning brow , , . j ,i . .i i / Thy soothing hand may press. ^as been found that the members of the Church thus established can bet- Thy neighbor? Tis the fainting poor, ter work out their social, economic Whose eye with want is dim; gnd religious problems than would O enter thou his humble door ^^ -^^^ ^.^^^^^ ^^^^ gathering. With aid and peace for him. ^ b b If, to satisfy the critics of the prac- 'T^HE influx of many strangers with- tice of the Latter-day Saints in gath- in our gates and the industrial- ering together for mutual improve- ization and militarization of many ment, we were to encourage pro- of our pastoral communities might miscuous social intercourse with the well cause us to ponder the question stranger regardless of his standards as to our responsibility as neighbors and by so doing sacrifice the ideals to these strangers. Our pioneer par- of morality, of marriage, and of fam- ents, led by inspired leaders, came ily for which our parents sac- to this western land to establish "the rificed much, we would not only be mountain of the Lord's house in the untrue to our heritage but we would top of the mountains." A prophet thereby decrease immeasurably our had declared that many people power ''to do good to him that is in should say, ''Come, let us go up to need." Obedient to the command the mountain of the Lord," and also of the Master, reiterated in our gen- that the inhabitants of the House eration, we have sent and will con- of the God of Jacob were to teach tinue to send missionaries not only these newcomers "of his ways and to carry the Gospel to the stranger to walk in his paths." »(Isa. 2:2-3.) within our gates but to "every nation, To the Latter-day Saints the Lord has kindred, tongue and people." And entrusted a great responsibility as for what purpose? To welcome all the keepers of the House of the Lord 'who fear God and give glory to thus established. Paul, the great Him" to accept membership in the missionary apostle, defined the pur- greatest "brotherhood" in the wodd, pose of the estabhshment of the the Church of Christ established in Church of Christ as being for "the the last days. Can one conceive of perfecting of the saints, for the work a greater service to be rendered to of the ministry, and for the edifying those who may come to us than to of the body of Christ, till we all come bring to them the opportunities and in the unity of the faith. . . ." privileges of the Gospel and into Since the time when Moses led fellowship with those who live right- the children of Israel out of Egypt ^ous lives? the principle of gathering the mem- To you who would administer suc- bers of the Churdi into communities cor and be a neighbor to the poor has been taught. The Latter-day and the needy, I would bid you heed Saints have been taught this prin- the inspired admonition, "and ciple by revelations from the Lord, though I bestow all my goods to BROTHERHOOD 87 feed the poor, . . . and have not charity, I am nothing." (I Cor. 13: 3.) It would be well if all who dis- pense charity would do so with a reverent appreciation of their di- vine relationship to that one so as- sisted and do it in a manner sug- gested by the Savior's declaration, that as you would do it unto one such needy you would do it as a serv- ice to him. (Matt. 25:40.) In all such ministering it is well to remem- ber that there are broken hearts and wounded souls among us that need the tender care of a brother who has an understanding heart and is kind. Today there may be heard again in Israel the voice of a Rachel 'weep- ing for her children, and would not be comforted because they are not" when the cruel blasts of war shall bring the sad news of disaster. She must be soothed with tenderness by sisters worthy to bear the name of this great brotherhood of saints. May the ''kingdom of God go forth, that the kingdom of heaven may come," (D. & C. 65:6) that God's "will be done in earth as it is in heaven." (Matt. 6:10.) May we let our lights so shine (Matt. 5: 16) as members of the Church of God that others seeing our good works and that we are not of the world (John 14:22-23) will come to seek membership therein. May we sense the fact that true love for our neighbor consists not in descending to his level but rather in so living that we aid him in an upward climb. May we never forget that in this great fellowship, our ears must ever be inclined to hear the cry of the widow and the orphan and that in our ministrations to all such we do as we think the Master would have us do. Thus, if we do, and if we teach others to do likewise, ours will be the brotherhood to fill the whole earth and bring about that peace on earth when the powers of darkness will be eternally bound with the everlasting chains of righteousness at the hands of God's children. ^ "Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can repair; the rest is in the hands of God." —George Washington, Speech to the Constitutional Convention (1787) "The preservation of the sacred fire of liberty, and the destiny of the republican model of government, are justly considered as deeply, perhaps as finally, staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people."— George Washington, First Inaugural (1789) Silent Strings Blanche Kendall McKey Second Prize, Relief Society Short Story Contest WITH more certainty than she '1 should have done better," had ever felt before, on that thought Sheila bitterly; '1 let little late July afternoon. Sheila things crowd it all out." She thought admitted to herself that she was old. of the garden, the children, the end- It wasn't because she felt weak or less housework, and of her mother's defeated, judging herself as an actor long illness. ''Why did I have such in the life she had led. Rather, it a heritage?" she asked. Then she was the realization that she had nev- looked at the picture of Colleen on er been truly herself, and now it was her table and once more made a sol- too late. For sixty years she had emn resolution: Little Colleen, heard the song of the untouched with the harp of Dublin hidden in West with its inscrutable mountains, her bosom, was going to have a but she had never tried to sing or chance to sing, paint or write it. She had not used "Are you ready. Aunt Sheila?" what was finest within her; in fact,' It was Elsie's warm voice calling she had never been an artist at all. from the kitchen, and thoughts of And now she was old. youth and unfulfilled longings fled. The young Sheila she had been— "Yes, Fm ready, my dear," Sheila with her perky red curls and quizzi- replied; and tying a white scarf over cal blue eyes— seemed to stand lit- her thinning gray hair she went out erally before her faded gaze. She to the shady front porch, shook herself and crossed to the mir- The poplars were casting thin ror over her dresser, pressing cal- shadows across the patch of lawn; loused palms to her creased cheeks, the wide stretch of fields was still, noting the grooves in her forehead Suddenly, from some unseen spot, and neck. Wind and the open plains came the clear call of a meadow lark, had made her fair skin as dry as Gerald, Elsie's husband, was taking parchment. Studying the swollen good care of the farm now that John veins of her hands, she saw youthful, was gone! tapering fingers reach across the The front door of the small house strings of her aunt's harp in Dublin, beyond the garden opened and John's her aunt who had been a celebrated sister Maggie appeared. She follow- musician and whose harp Sheila was ed slowly the narrow path between to have inherited when she became the two homes and climbed the eighteen. But when that birthday steps of the larger dwelling with had arrived, she had looked across jerky effort. "Maggie is old," the scorched fields of Zion, to which thought Sheila— "really old." her parents had fled ten years before, Elsie came out, crisp and cool in and thought of tapestries and a state- her blue organdy, ly harp whose strings were silent, now "Gerald said the rehearsal went that her aunt was dead. fine last night," she said with enthu- Page 88 SILENT STRINGS 89 siasm. ''He thinks the pageant's go- ing to be great." ''Weel, they'll hae to do some fancy acting if they come up to Shei- la's—and that a lang time ago," re- plied Maggie dryly. Sheila made a gesture of remon- strance, but she looked pleased. 'Toung folks must have their day, Maggie. And don't you forget that Colleen is going to sing tonight." She squeezed her handbag tight against her breast, for it held Col- leen's stirring little note: "I must see you tomorrow, Grand- ma! I must! I have something im- portant to tell you." Something important! Could it be an offer? Why, Colleen had had only a year of real training. Maggie was describing to patient Elsie the wonders of Sheila's per- formance in Hazel Kiik. "There, there," cried Sheila with pretended petulance, 'let the past be!" But Maggie was bubbling with reminiscences. "Your Uncle John was over-proud of her, Elsie," she said ruefully. "He was sae proud that I sulked. It's nae pleasant for a sister to be shoved aside by a wee- bit wife." The laugh that had risen in Mag- gie's throat broke off and ended in a sigh. Both old women thought of John sleeping beside his first wife, the gentle English girl who had not survived the rigors. After a pause Maggie's thin voice rose again. "Your Uncle John was nae the mon to let a bit o' stubborn land get the best o' him, Elsie. He dug out rocks to build his house and brought water down from the moun- tain for his fields." BLANCHE KENDALL McKEY "Uncle John was a thrifty man," corroborated Elsie. "Aye," said Maggie, "and master- ful. He had Ireland in his house- hold, but he managed to hold his am. She screwed her wrinkled face un- til it gave a distorted impression of roguishness, cast a challenging glance at her sister-in-law, and waited for a sharp retort. But Sheila seemed to be unconscious of the prattle. Elsie noted her melancholy detachment with rising apprehension. Old peo- ple were so moody and hard to un- derstand! When they should be gay they sank into the depths. "Come, now. Aunt Sheila," she pleaded. "Tomorrow's the Twenty- fourth! They're putting on this pageant for people like you. Think of all you've done for the town." Her eyes swept the stretches of corn, wheat and alfalfa, the tops of farm- houses in the valley, the paved road 90 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 which led to the recreation hall where the pageant was to be given. ''No one has done more good than you have. Aunt Sheila." Sheila would have liked to talk to the sympathetic Elsie if she had thought the younger woman could understand. In her unhappy con- demnation of what she had done with her talents she felt the need of love. That was why Maggie's praise had sounded so sweet. She would gladly have confessed that she felt herself to be a flat failure but for a deep- sunk timidity. Elsie was young and didn't know enough, whereas Mag- gie was old and knew too much. So she threw them both a Mona Lisa smile and hugged tight the thought of Colleen. Elsie plucked playfully at her aunt's sleeve and shook her bobbed head as though she were still a girl. "No one can go on acting and sing- ing forever," she tactlessly comforted. Sheila smiled again, her glance un- lighted; then her lids fell as she caught the significance of Maggie's cannie remark: ''She's not greetin' for the songs she can sing nae more; she's greetin' for the songs she niver hae sung." Good heavens! Was there nothing that the heart could hide? Such piercing seemed almost immodest. With an effort she lift- ed her gaze to find Maggie smiling at her fondly. After all Maggie loved her. She felt a painful little clutch at her throat. Then she let her great eyes rest illuminatingly on her sister-in-law's face, fell in with the family dialect and said amicably, "Aye, lass." Elsie ran down the steps impa- tiently, looking up the road. "Gerald should have been here with the car twenty minutes ago," she exclaimed. "Something has held him up— props, I suppose. It will spoil the whole evening if we have to rush in at the last minute." A HALF-HOUR later, seated com- fortably in the front row of the balcony which afforded the best view of the stage and so had been reserved for honored guests. Sheila attempted to subdue her rising excitement. Was Colleen nearly ready? Would she have a moment to slip upstairs be- fore the performance? Suddenly she heard a quick step coming down the aisle, and almost before she could turn she heard Colleen's whisper. "Move over. Grandma. I can only stay a second." Sheila shuffled into the seat re- served for the president of the Relief Society and Colleen slipped down v, beside her. "Look, Grandma!" Timidly she thrust out her hand on which shone the loveliest diamond the old lady had ever seen. She lifted her eves to study the girl's face. "It had just come when I wrote the note yesterday. Bob and I are going to be married." "Bob?" wavered Sheila. "Bob Brownell. Surely you re- member Bob." Sheila hadn't thought of Bob Brownell in a long time. With an effort she recalled an apple-cheeked boy. "He's been away to medical school, you know, for nearly four years." Colleen's voice trembled a little. She glanced at two tiny wings pinned over her heart. "Bob and I saw a good deal of each other when I was at school last winter." Her hand pressed the small insignia. "Now he's in the Air Corps." SILENT STRINGS 91 Sheila felt a throbbing in her own breast. Little Colleen's hero was offering his life for his country! In a moment the tremulous voice came again. 'Tm not going back to the Con- servatory in the fall, Grandma. Vm going to make bullets. I— I've got to help." Sheila saw the glisten of heavy tears and felt empty herself. She knew that Colleen wanted to speak further, but couldn't. ''It's all right, dearest," she whisp- ered close to the wet cheek. "I could never have gone to the Conservatory at all if it hadn't been for your money. And you didn't have any too much yourself. I know that. And you expected so much of me." "It's all right; honestly, it's all right." But Colleen was struggling to make a clearer explanation. "I— I have to help— help Bob and and the Red Cross and the farmers and everything that means America. You pioneers built such a wonder- ful country. We wouldn't be worth the dust of the plains if we couldn't protect it. I can't just study music —not this year." And Sheila could only reiterate that everything was all right. After Colleen had hurried away, leaving perfume and remembrance of youth behind her. Sheila was doubly thankful that some of Mag- gie's old cronies had carried her off to sit with them. Absent-mindedly she heard their laughter rise above the babble of talk around her. The balcony became crowded and boys began placing chairs in the aisles on the floor below. The small orchestra filed in. Smiling, the Relief Society president took her seat beside Sheila and became absorbed in her officers sitting on her right. Sheila was grateful beyond expression to be let alone. Little Colleen and her shining dia- mond! Her courage and faith in America! It was queer the way life surged along. She thought of her years with John. If he had been able to love her as he had loved the wife of his early youth, would that have lessened her sense of unfulfillment? She thought of all she and Maggie and John had given to the land be- fore it had begun to yield. She re- called her mother's privation, felt her horror of famine, and sat as though gripped in the silence of death. And as an accompaniment to the pageant of her mind, she heard the plaintive throbbing of the harp she had renounced. Sheila was so deeply stirred before the curtains parted that the ensu- ing scenes shook her to her depths. The portrayal of the long trek; hand- carts inching through sand; weary voices singing, "And if we die be- fore our journey's through—" She scarcely knew what was her own dream, what was acting, and what was reality. Then with a little shock she was conscious of Colleen stand- ing all alone on the dim stage at the foot of a covered wagon. Her auburn hair was demurely parted and arched by a small black bonnet. Her tiny waist was compressed into an unyielding basque. Her skirt, fluted and puffed here and there, fell to the floor. Plain white collars and cuffs softened the severity. Then, without accompaniment, her clear tones filled the hall: 92 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 O my Father, Thou that dwellest In that high and glorious place, When shall I regain Thy presence. And again behold Thy face? Throughout the four verses she held the audience motionless; she was part of the sleeping encamp- ment, part of the covered wagon, part of the endless plains, and of the still, unresponsive night. And all at once Sheila knew, with the true in- tuition of a born artist, that her peo- ple were too close to their struggles, too young in culture for a great ex- pression. But some day a man or woman would look over the fertile fields of Utah and Idaho and see the land as it was primevally, ringing with the whoop of the Indian, the beat of the buffalo, and the shrill cry of the mountain lion. Or he would look at the imperial moun- tains and interpret with brush or pen their awful aloofness. It wouldn't be her heart strings aquiver, nor was it likely to be Colleen's. But some day it would come, for a great move- ment demands a great reproduction, and the message of her hills and plains had never been fitly expressed. And when the painting or play or novel came, her tears would be in it, and her yearning, for she and her parents and John and their friends had made a great work possible. But little Colleen, like Sheila her- self, could sing the song of Zion *'in a strange land." Tears on the girl's rounded cheeks: Then at length, when I've completed All you sent me forth to do Sheila's questioning eyes were lifted and for a moment she sat breathless. ''O God," her heart whispered, ''the redemption of man! After all, wasn't that the song of Zion?" She knew that this was true, and knew also that the brush of Michelangelo, the imagination of Milton, and the pealing of an organ in a great cathedral could only sug- gest the beauty of a soul returned to God. With unconscious dignity shielded by the darkness, Sheila bowed her head. In a moment of realization she was paid for what the years had taken from her. She felt hot drops falling upon her folded hands, but the stabbing regret was gone. ^- SHADOWS Roberta Bates Twilight and the shadows of the stars Fall soft and deep Into the stillness of a murmuring sea; So soon my shadow will have fallen- Fallen deep Into the quiet darkness of eternity. George D. Pyper Milton Bennion GEORGE D. PYPER, General Superintendent of the Deser- et Sunday School Union, passed away January 16, 1943. Fu- neral services were held in the As- sembly Hall on Temple Square, in Salt Lake Gity, on January 19. All members of the First Presidency, the majority of the General Authorities, the Sunday School Union Board, and a host of friends and admirers of Superintendent Pyper were in at- tendance. Brother Pyper had been an execu- tive officer of the Sunday School Union Board for more than forty years. He had also served the Ghurch, the state, and the local community in many other capacities. He was en- dowed with very superior artistic abilities but his artistic interests and attainments in nowise curtailed his business and administrative abilities. This was manifested in his long and successful term, as manager of the Salt Lake Theatre and in his manage- ment of numerous pageants, musical and dramatic performances, and pub- lications, many of which he either wrote or edited. In his youth and early manhood he served as clerk and later as judge of the Salt Lake Gity police court. This experience induced him to study law. These studies were, however, interrupted by a call to an extensive missionary tour in the company of Elders B. H. Roberts and Melvin J. Ballard. Numerous subsequent calls by both Ghurch and state to im- portant positions prevented Brother Pyper from resuming his legal studies. ELDER GEORGE D. PYPER To his intimate associates he was best known as a courteous, kind, sympathetic, and understanding friend; he was, indeed, a friend of man. While he was deeply religious, there was in him no trace of the Pharisaical attitude so frequently de- nounced by Jesus. While he attend- ed to all the details of the precepts of the Ghurch, he emphasized the ''weightier matters of the law"— just- ice, kindness, and integrity. His character was, in fact, the embodi- ment of these virtues. He had ever in mind the greatest of all the com- mandments—the love of God; this he expressed in the love and service of his fellow men. When they were in trouble they came to him for as- sistance with assurance that this as- sistance would be given to the limit of his ability. Page 93 To Marry or Not to Marry in Time of War Dr. Harold T. Chiistensen Brigham Young University MILLIONS of young men and volved in each case. But the decis- women are asking themselves ion should nevertheless be an intelli- this question today. In the gent one, based upon serious thought midst of the uncertainties and the and a consideration of the factors in- fears of total war, they are wondering volved. Our purpose is not to decide what to do about marriage, and for the question of war marriage once the most part they are confused. and for all, but to present some facts The problem is not an easy one and arguments which may aid each and young people are not the only person in making his own decision, ones who are confused. The many ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ decisions surrounding marriage are ^ difficult enough in normal times, but The repercussions of modern war these difficulties are multiplied and are felt throughout the entirety of magnified enormously in times of society; no single phase of our social war. War is a crisis in the family in- structure, including the relationships stitution; patterns of life are changed of man to woman, escapes. In un- so fundamentally that courtship and derstanding the problem of marriage marriage as usual, is simply out of the in wartime it might be helpful to re- question, view briefly some of the effects of It is hazardous to advise in times the present war upon the family in- like these, for the chance element is stitution: great and no one understands very (i) In the first place, marriage, well what the immediate future divorce, and birth rates have been holds. But hazardous or not, it is greatly accelerated, although it is important, so that in planning for reasonably certain that this accelera- the future we can be guided by tion will be temporary only. Mar- knowledge and understanding as far riages have increased for a number of as is possible rather than by impetu- reasons, running all the way from a ous feelings of recklessness and des- desire to escape the draft to either peration. The spirit of this article an increased emotionalism brought is that of analysis and suggestion on by the war, or to a realization that rather than preachment or dogmatic it may be ''now or never." Because pronouncement. There is no one of recent military regulations, mar- formula that will fit all cases and riage for draft evasion is not as com- answer all questions regarding war mon as it was earlier. Undoubtedly marriage; the decision to marry or many marriages do take place today, not to marry is after all an individual however, due to war hysteria in one matter depending upon the personal form or another. The atmosphere values and external circumstances in- of war is charged with emotionalism; Page 94 TO MARRY OR NOT TO MARRY IN TIME OF WAR 95 the glamour of the uniform, plus a lengths of time, we can logically ex- love for adventure and a feeling of pect marriage, divorce, and birth uncertainty in the future, all tend to rates to fall rapidly in the very near increase irrational behavior, such as future and to remain low throughout rushing into marriage without ade- the period of war. Likewise, with quate thought or preparation. Fur- the return of many of these men after thermore, with millions of our boys the war, it is reasonable to expect a in the armed services, some of them new increase in all of these rates be- never to return, there is often the fore they again settle down to a feeling that unless one can marry somewhat normal level. This was now he may never have the oppor- the experience of World War I, and tunity later, and hence the tendency we can expect it again, to "grasp at straws" in near despera- (2) A second change brought tion. It is well known that many about by the present war is the loos- women never married following ening of moral standards and the Wodd War I because there were not lowering of moral conduct. Unfor- enough men left to go around (there tunately, the rigors and the brutali- were more than four million surplus ties of war tend to dull the finer women in the marriageable ages in sensitivities of men and, with some Germany, France, and England at least, to sever the ties binding alone), and it is realized that a simi- them to a strict moral course. The lar condition will follow this war. In normal sex ratio is disturbed in war, gambling with the future many placing both males and females of young men are making sure of the marriageable ages in abnormal en- marriage experience before they die, vironments. The male in service is and many young women are saying removed from the stabilizing influ- that if worst comes to worst they ence of those he knows best and would rather be a widow than a spin- loves, and at the same time is thrown ster anyway. into situations not the most whole- The birthrate has increased as the some. The female at home finds natural accompaniment of the ex- courtship competition more difficult panded marriage rate, plus a consci- because of the shortage of men, and ous motivation in some instances, will often lower her standards in or- such as draft evasion, the desire on der to more successfully compete. the part of the husband to leave a And coupled with all this is the hys- progeny in case of death, or on the teria of war mentioned above. Ser- part of the wife to have something to vice men are frequently made to feel remember her husband by. The that loose conduct is expected of divorce rate has increased very likely them, and girls that it is patriotic to because more people have more cater to the man in uniform. Many money to finance the divorce pro- are blindly and selfishly indulging ceedings, and also because changes excessively in worldly pleasures on necessitated by the war effort often the sad theory that they must have create family tensions. their fun while they can. "Eat, drink, With millions of men in the and be merry for tomorrow we may armed services for considerable die," they are saying, and as a result 96 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 morals are given a holiday. It is to avoid temptations such as these that some choose to marry. ( 3 ) Another effect of v^ar, and the last that will be discussed here, is the weakening of family bonds and the" consequent growth of family insta- bility. Military life tends to unfit the man for home life after the war; separation of husband and wife for long periods during the war permits misunderstandings and infidelities to creep in, leading toward greater maladjustment later; and when the wife works, she gains a new indi- vidualism and financial independ- ence that she may not be willing to yield after the war. The growth of nurseries for the care of children be- longing to working mothers, is one noticeable indication of declining family functions in the wartime. The Pros and Cons oi Marriage No one will argue that all mar- riages should stop in wartime, and likewise no thinking person will justify all of the marriages that take place under the stimulation of war. Marriage is too important an institu- tion to be sidetracked, even for total war; the future of society demands that it have a position of priority. But marriage in time of war is not only continued, but it is expanded and often perverted as well; hasty unions, ill-planned and artificially lived, are in many cases doomed for failure. The question, then, is not, "Should there be marriage in war- time?" but rather, ''Who should marry and when?" And the question is a debatable one. As we have already said, there is no one answer that will fit all cas- es; each person will need to weigh all factors that are involved in his or her particular case, including personal feelings, but not allowing these alone to sway his judgment; and then with his eyes open he should make his own decision taking his chances with the uncertainties of the day. When such notables as Lewis Browne and David Seabury disagree on the advis- ability of marriage in wartime, it is evident that the problem is a tough one and that the arguments are not all on one side.^ Those who favor war marriages usually do so on the grounds that, even though these carry more risks than do marriages in times of peace, risky marriage is better than no mar- riage at all. It isn't quite fair, they argue, to expect a young person who has planned his future in terms of family life to forego all of this with- out a try. Thousands, possibly mil- lions, of young men will never return from the battle front, and, through waiting, an equal number of young women will be left without partners in marriage. Why not enjoy the marriage experience before going away to war, they say, thereby insur- ing the consummation of love al- though necessarily gambling on the continuance of the marriage state. In addition to this they point out that marriage tends to stabilize those who enter, giving each something to live for, work for, and die for, if necessary. Contentment and clean living during reparation are said to result from the assurance that some- where there is a husband or wife who cares. Opposed to these arguments are those which make war marriage look ^ America's Town Meeting of the Air. "Will War Marriages Work?" Reader's Digest November 1942, pp. 14-18. TO MARRY OR NOT TO MARRY IN TIME OF WAR 97 like a very risky business. While when they married, had little time to happy marriage is certainly better get acquainted and become adjusted than no marriage at all, it is said, un- immediately following marriage, and happy marriage is not, and the prob- have grown farther apart through ability of unhappiness in war mar- long separations and contradictory riages is great. Heightened roman- experiences. Then too, the dangers ticism and feelings of desperation regarding infidelity and the cooling brought on by the hysteria of war or changing of affections toward both tend to make marriage a hasty each other must not be forgotten, and impetuous affair. In times past Entering marriage impetuously, with- girls have asked all sorts of questions out preparation, and without the concerning their prospective hus- opportunity of normal home life to- bands; quesrions such as, ''What gether, make a rather poor combina- family does he come from?'* and tion of circumstances to insure "How well educated is he?" but now marital happiness, it is argued. And altogether too many are simply say- in support of this contention one ing, "Where is he?" During war need only consider the great increase neither boys nor girls are as discrimi- in the divorce rate following every nate in choosing a mate as in other important war. times, and they are usually in a bigger __, , . , ^ , . , t^ . . hurry to have the marriage per- P^^^""'' '" taking the Decision formed. All of this means insuffici- With these arguments in view, ent acquaintance and inadequate and with a knowledge of his own preparation for marriage, which in personality traits, feelings, and de- turn means greater marriage failure, sires, each young person will make Furthermore, long periods of separa- up his own mind as to whether he tion between husband and wife, will marry or not in wartime. But it separations which usually follow a is hoped that in each case the prob- hasty wedding and an all too brief lem will be intelligently and prayer- married experience, are not condu- fully considered before the decision cive to successful marriage adjust- is made, so that the possible conse- ment. Worry, misunderstandings, quences of the alternative procedures suspicions, and temptations all enter will be thoughtfully realized and in to frustrate the separated spouses courageously faced. In the spirit of and to make the durability of their self-analysis the following questions union less likely. If neither death should be asked: nor desertion prevents a reunion of ( i ) Are you well prepared for mates following the war there are marriage with each other? If the other casualties that may prove just desire to marry is prompted largely as bad. If the husband returns home by the war emergency so that you maimed or diseased in some way, for won't "miss out on anything" it is example, the prospect facing a young likely that your motives are more wife in becoming the caretaker of an those of desperation than of love and invalid for an indefinite future is not companionship. Studies show that a happy one, particularly if the marriage is more likely to be success- spouses were practically strangers ful where the couple has been ac- 98 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 quainted for a number of years and tion possible, but even at best it is has been engaged for a long enough frequently none too good. High time to adjust and to prepare for rents, crowded living conditions, fre- what is to come. Unless you have quent movings, and infrequent visits been fairly well acquainted over a together put them both under strain considerable length of time, be just and make home life difficult if not a little wary of your motives and also impossible. those of your sweetheart. It may be (^) will you be able to finance that you are mistaking reckless the marriage? Poverty and econom- emotionahsm, or military glamour, ic insecurity are drains on anyone's or mere desperation, for the "real happiness, even in marriage. This is thmg." Haste makes for waste even an important question at any time; m the marriage game; and it is far but since economic uncertainties are better to think first so that "repent- greater in wartime, it becomes all the ence at leisure" will not be necessary, more important then. With the But if you are ready for marriage, and husband in military service will the if this readiness has been tested by ^ife have adequate financial sup- both time and thought, you may con- port? In the event of a child will sider it best to accept the hazards of there be enough to care for them war without letting them change both? your marital plans. (^) ^re you willing to accept the (2) How long will you be able inconveniences and the risks in- to live together after marriage before volved? If wives are true to their the war separates you? The start of husbands during separation in war- any marriage is the most crucial from time they will find themselves either the standpoint of mutual adjustment staying home or going out without in laying foundations for harmoni- partners, and husbands will similarly ous living, and unless husband and find their social life limited. Can wife can be together for a reasonable you "take it"? Can you be separated period after marriage and under and yet maintain the morality and somewhat favorable circumstances the fidelity required in holy wedlock? they are starting under a handicap. Are you strong enough and brave But because of military policy you enough to accept the casualties of may not know exactly how long you war should they come to you or can be together. In such circum- yours, and to readjust to whatever stances the best you can do it to take the war may leave you? Unless you a chance and do what seems best aft- are mature emotionally, and are er other factors are considered. But brave, the hazards of marriage in war- certainly where you know that you time may be too great for you. can be together for only a few days. These are serious questions, but or even a few weeks, you will realize they are important for those who are the handicap. Sometimes the wife is thinking of marriage in this day. permitted to live close to the military Many thousands of the war marriages camp where her husband is in service, taking place now are doomed for and in this way be with him occa- failure because of the haste and im- sionally. This is often the best solu- petuous emotionalism that is bring- TO MARRY OR NOT TO MARRY IN TIME OF WAR 99 ing them about. But on the other hand, a great many of today's mar- riages will be happy ones because they were preceded by the thought- ful and prayerful preparation that is ever important, whether in time of war or of peace. By multiplying the uncertainties of the future, war does make marriage more of a risk but it certainly does not preclude the possibility of success. Non- marriage is better than marriage failure, and if the hazards of war make failure seem imminent in any par- ticular case then that marriage should not be performed. But mar- riage need not fail, not even in war- time, if preparation has been com- plete enough and the persons in- volved are big enough to do their part. That is the answer. Latter-day Saints will let the doc- trine of eternal marriage help them solve this all important question. Marriage in wartime should be con- sidered with all the seriousness of purpose as in peacetime, and prepara- tion may be considered as incom- plete if the couple is not ready for a temple ceremony. Not even total war justifies a marriage of conveni- ence. Bihliogiaphy America's Town Meeting of the Air, "Will War Marriages Work?" Reader's Digest, November 1942, pp. 14-18. Bossard, James H. S., "War and the Family/' Chapter 24 in Marriage and the Family (edited by Reuben Hill and How- ard Becker). D. C. Heath, Boston, 1942, pp. 571-589. Burgess, Ernest W., 'The Effect of War on the American Family." The American Journal of Sociology, November 1942, pp. 343-352. Cavan, Ruth Shonle, "Social Crises and the Family: War," Chapter 13 in The Family. Crowell, New York, 1942, pp. 400-425. Christensen, Harold T., 'The Family and Mental Health in Wartime." Mental Health, July 1, 1942, pp. 13-16. Gruenberg, Sedonie M. (editor), The Family in a WorJd at War, Harpers, New York, 1942. Palmer, Gretta, "Marriage and War." Ladies' Home Journal, March 1942. Taylor, Katharine Whiteside, "Shall They Marry in Wartime?" Journal oi Home Economics, April 1942, pp. 213- 2ig. Waller, Willard, War and the Family. Dryden Press, New York,. 1940. > CONFESSION Ruth Louise Partridge When I was very young and small I wanted to grow old and tall, And now the years have brought to pass The thing I yearned for, but alas, I find with wormwood and with gall It isn't what I want at all! Gardening for Victory Hazel D. Moyle Garden Editor, The Deseret News To my garden let us raise work preparing plans for an all out Daughters of Jove, a song of praise! Victory Garden Orchard of unfailing fruit ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 1^^^ ^^^^^^ Grape and apple, herb and root, i i • i t . • r n i Of all the wealth that gardens give ground which lies out in full sun and Whereby man may eat and hve. can be reached by water, can make Here, in fellowship, agree an important contribution toward Pleasure and utility. Our victory, for such a piece of land can easily supply fresh vegetables for THUS did the ancient poet As- ^^ entire family-not only the essen- inius, celebrate in verse the ^i^i potatoes, onions, beets, and car- praises of home gardening— and ^q^^^ b^t many other less familiar and today, almost two thousand years equally desirable additions to our later, gardens again have become im- daily bill of fare. Vegetables give us portant contributors toward the one of the finest sources of the all pleasure, safety, and comfort of fam- important vitamins, and we must cul- ily and national life. tivate a taste for new and untried The 1943 home garden will play varieties to help add both valuable an important role in our country's food and variety to our meals, mighty program of war, for gardeners The owner of the ordinary city lot too have been called to arms, but can also find space for growing vege- our weapons will be the digging fork tables. This was amply demonstrated and the hoe. We must polish off in Salt Lake City gardens last season these trusty weapons and prepare to when flowers and vegetables were plant as never before; we must make combined, to the enjoyment and gain every small bit of earth in our pos- of many home gardeners. It was session produce "all the wealth that plainly demonstrated that there is no gardens give whereby man may eat need to dig up existing flower gar- and live." We must not only raise dens, lawns, or shrubberies in order flowers, but fruits and vegetables as to have vegetables, well, for food, we are told, will play One enthusiastic garden lover con- a leading part in winning victory. verted a small space at the rear of her Every row of carrots or tomatoes home into a combined vegetable and we can raise and use at our family flower garden where she planted rows table will mean just that much more of vegetables and edged them with food for our boys on the fighting annuals, gladioluses and dahlias. To- fronts throughout the world. Our matoes and cucumbers were trained country must produce tremendous on trellises at the rear where they quantities of extra food this year to not only made charming back- send to our Allies as well as the starv- grounds, but produced fruits of finer ing millions of the war ridden earth, flavor, color, and size, than those al- And every home gardener must ac- lowed to grow in the usual manner— cept the call, and should soon be at sprawling on the ground. Page 100 GARDENING FOR VICTORY 101 Currant, raspberry, and blackberry but they supply plenty of vitamins, bushes were also planted as shrubs, Do not, however, seed your entire making handsome foliage plants spaces at once, but plant a few short while at the same time supplying rows at a time, then add other plant- their delicious fruits— note that each ings at two-week intervals, thus sup- of these does well in shady spots, plying yourself with a constant source Almost every garden can find room of tender young crisp carrots and for growing a few bushes to con- beets from early summer until late tribute their fine fruits for the table. November. Unless the family is a Everbearing strawberries were also ^^'§^ ^"^^, '^ '^ ^^st to make small used in this bounteous garden to ^^^^"f ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ the crop will give a colorful edging and to provide "^* ^^^ "^^^"^^ ^^ once, the owner with this toothsome deli- Early radishes can be planted right cacy from late June until November, out among the perennials on the very while the grapevines that had been first day of spring— long before the set out earlier to make a charming unused ground can be dug and pre- arbor over the entrance to the gar- pared for planting. They will thrive den, bore more than a bushel of and mature very quickly in the well grapes. Planted two years ago, this worked and enriched soil of the small space now produces the year's flower beds, and will be eaten long supply of vegetables for an entire before the flowers get really started family with some to spare for neigh- into active growth. Radishes grow bors and friends, all produced in a to perfection in earliest spring, and space no larger than many that are successive sowings can be made for lying vacant and waste behind the several weeks right in the flower beds garage on many home properties. Not in any small vacant spots, only does this versatile garden spot Last season several city gardeners give a bounteous crop of eatables, even boasted of the tender ears of but it also supplies quantities of flow- corn that were raised in the sunny ers for all occasions, not to mention open parts of their flower gardens, the renewed good health and enjoy- making bold and handsome back- ment derived from its making by its ground plants, while one Salt Lake mistress. , City matron won praise and prizes with the tomatoes which she grew npHERE are some home gardeners, among the aristocratic blooms of her however, who find no unused rose garden, the two seemed to get spaces for such a venture. Never- ^^o^g right well together, theless, it is quite possible to find Green kale was another vegetable room, right among the flower beds, which was used to make a decora- where many kinds of vegetables will tive planting, but which also proved thrive. For instance, carrots, beets, unusually successful as an added and lettuce, and parsley make good look- toothsome green for the dinner table, ing edging plants, and by planting This bears handsome curly green them in front of taller growing flow- leaves, and tastes oh, so good when ers in sunny and open parts of the served cooked like spinach or for garden, they not only are decorative, soups or salads! And several gard- 102 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 TOMAT()]<:S AMONX; THE ROSES Grown by Pearl A. Daynes, former presi- dent of Bonneville Stake Relief Society eners set out pepper plants, both the green and the vivid red variety, in open sunny spots among the flow- ers with the best of results. Pole beans were also found to be easily grown and most profitable, furnishing a long season of good eat- ing, and making very good tall plants for the rear. These need a stout stake upon which to climb, while the bush varieties make low bushy plants for any dry sunny corn- er, and bear fresh pods during the entire summer if kept picked. It should be remembered that all vegetables need and must have sun and plenty of air. Do not expect them to thrive in shady places. Cul- tivate the soil as soon as each kind germinates, and continue this atten- tion if you wish them to develop well. This not only keeps weeds down, but conserves moisture, and produces excellent crops of high quality flavor. In fact, if you have never enjoyed strictly fresh vege- tables, fresh from the garden to the pot, then you have a real thrill in store, for nothing is more delicious eating than really fresh young vege- tables. You will find new flavor in every kind you grow. But we must also say a word for flowers, for these too will be im- portant in the Victory Garden. We will need their sweet charms to com- fort and bring cheer amid all the tur- moil, and yes, perhaps the sorrows of wartime. Nothing has been found that will speak the message of love and courage so eloquently as a flow- er. We will need our flower gardens in which to work and find the peace and tranquflity which is so lacking in the rest of the world. Wartime means little in a flower garden— each flower goes its own sweet and mysterious way, blooming as punctually and as sweetly as usual no matter how chaotic the world may be. Here alone, all is orderly and calm— the sounds of turmoil only a distant hum. Here, without pang one sees Ranks, conditions and degrees. We must keep up our lawns, even though they are but tiny plots of green, and we must not neglect our shrubs, our flower beds, and our sheltering trees. We will need them as never before to help our morale during these trying times. We must cling to them as part of our way of life. Here is safety — peace and love attend you — Here by the lattice along the wall The very trees stretch out green arms, as though they would defend you. — "The Garden," Henri de Regnier. The Road Builder Rita Skousen Miller When next you look at a beautiful highway, well built, or a vigorous life well lived, think of the builder — ^his dreams, his labors, and his joy. npHE initials were still there all right. Large and calloused mid- dle-aged hands pulled away some weather-beaten bark^ and kind, fad- ed, blue eyes strained to make out the faint, stained letters that he al- ready knew, "W D L," William Dean Lanyon I. Tall pines rose all about him and mountainous growth almost en- closed this little spot. At only one point could he look out and up to the piercing blue sky fringed with reaching pines and down to the rug- ged canyon and rocky mountainside. There he stood at this moment. It was here beside the great tree that that other Lanyon had stood those many years ago and made his mark upon its trunk. It had been just about this time of year— when the worst storms were due and one could feel them com- ing in tlie air. The train of saints from Missouri had been anxious to get over the mountain pass and into the Valley. Big Bill Lanyon, the two Minter boys, and three others had spent four days forcing a trail for the covered wagons through the thick underbrush in the bottom of the canyon. Early storms had already covered the trail blazed by the first group of saints through the other pass, and this was their only chance to make the Valley this year. As the signal had gone through for the wagons to start into the can- yon, Big Bill Lanyon hadn't gone back but had pulled his horse to the left. After a few yards up the side of the mountain. Big Bill had dis- mounted and pulled his way slowly up through the timber until he had reached this spot, high and remote and quiet. Then he had thrilled as he suddenly faced the great expanse of bright blue sky with its back- ground of distant threatening clouds against the rough, rugged mountain. As he had looked down he could see the tiny wagons as they labored slow- ly into view. The low roll of the train and sound of moving cattle came faintly up to him. And the Minter boys were singing again. How the Lord had blessed them! None had known the real tragedy of their situation when the storms to the north had cut them off. All would know when they reached their destination that the Lord had directed them through this pass in time. They had built a good road! Tri- umphantly it wound and clung to the side of the mountains on the floor of the canyon, and Big Bill's pride excited him as he looked at the thing they had made. With their teams they had fought the big boul- ders in their way. In fact, the whole journey had been extremely tedious and difficult. Jim Narden was still unable to rise from his wagon and the two little Leland girls were get- ting worse. There were others. But at last they were nearing their des- tination! At that moment Big Bill's Page 103 104 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 heart swelled within him in grati- tude and there so high above that little moving caravan, for one fleet- ing moment, he felt close to the heavens. Then he had carved his initials in the trunk of the great tree and with another look had turned and made his way down the steep slope. PLIGHT years later. Big Bill had come back to the great tree with his young son. They had struggled happily up the mountain together and Little Bill had clung to his father's hand as they suddenly came upon the lookout and all that it held. Big Bill had pointed out the dusty road far below. How proud he had been! 'To be a road builder, my son,'' he had said, "is a great task. We must have roads— roads to make life a little easier for our friends and loved ones. Roads to help us accom- plish the great responsibilities ahead for us here in this Valley— roads to create a great nation and a great people." Little Bill had listened as he looked at the narrow ribbon. A wag- on had appeared and then disap- peared again in a film of billowing dust. 'Tou see, son, learn to create things that people can use and en- joy." Then after awhile father and son had laughed and eaten a little lunch under the great tree, and Big Bill had told stories until the sun had set behind the great mountain. William Dean Lanyon I was gone now but here was another Big Bill, a Big Bill that remembered a day spent on this spot many years ago. And the initials were still there. Not as clear by any means but still there, like the words that had been spoken that day. Big Bill looked down into the still rugged canyon. There it was— finished at last. Its wide expanse wound triumphantly around the mountainside like a beautiful, smooth, curling satin ribbon. This Big Bill, too, had battled the mountain, blasting solid rock day after day to make way for the steam shovels and trucks. Gradually, great crags and boulders and the loose, touchy mountainside had been first broken, then supported, and then subdued, until now a magnificent highway lay— quiet and ready and something he had made, but not alone. Beneath the perfect, smooth surface lay a rough little road cre- ated with teams and hand picks and another's dreams. Big Bill had not forgotten, nor would he. At the re- membrance the scene grew misty, and in his imagination he could al- most hear the low rumble of wagon wheels; but then he looked again, coming into view was a train of huge trucks, earth-green United States Army trucks and they carried sup- plies. The procession was perfect and orderly. Yes, we must have roads— roads to keep a great nation and a great peo- ple, roads to make life possible for our friends and loved ones, roads to help us accomplish the great respon- sibilities ahead of us here in this na- tion. Then Bill thought of his four sons— happily. They were building roads, beautiful, brilliant ones. One was building his in the sky, another in the sphere of government, another on the sea, another in the mission field. How the Lord had blessed THE ROAD BUILDER 105 him! His heart swelled in gratitude and high above the floor of the can- yon for one fleeting moment Big Bill felt close to the heavens. Even as he had used the trail, oh might his sons use this lovely almost living thing far below him, and all that he and the Church had taught them to build a greater way to a better world and a kinder one! Large and calloused middle- aged hands pulled away some of the weather-beaten bark and this very day, if you can find the spot and look closely, you will see the initials of two great men carved together. When next you look at a beautiful highway, well built, or a vigorous life well lived, think of the builder — ^his dreams, his labors and his joy. > SUPERFINE Elsie E. Barrett My mem'ry box is not as strong As once it was; The lid seems warped, the hinges rusted At three-score-ten it can't be trusted. Is age the cause? Now there's no sense in letting Years Dictate and fill that box with fears Of growing old. ril face about and calmly say: ''Not quite so fast, you're in the way; You are too bold; And don't you dare to leave a creak. An ache or pain or even squeak In any joint of mine. There's so much work for me to do I can't be bothered yet with you; I'm superfine!" How Grownup Are You In Your Attitude Toward the War ? Mark K. Allen, Psychologist, Utah State Training School THE great reservoir of human ticle how enemy propaganda is cal- nervous energy within us, is, of culated to waste our energies through all the vast resources of our na- creating fears, confusion, and class tion, undoubtedly the most precious, feelings among ourselves. Fears and Unfortunately, it is often the most confusion which smolder but do not carelessly squandered unwittingly, lead to positive action are extremely What are some of the common ways wasteful of our energies. Bombings we waste this energy? How do our and destruction are aimed at wasting opponents attempt to dissipate this the energies of the people, as well as precious resource? How can we pre- material resources. Think of the man- serve it best for the national good? hours of labor wasted through the Most adults, though they have time and worry spent by workers in reached mature stature, have not put air raid shelters alone. Blockade and away all childish attitudes. These destruction of food supplies is an- immature attitudes carried into adult other vicious weapon aimed at wast- life waste vital nervous energy. Be- ing energy through hunger and mal- cause a temper tantrum in a child nutrition. Fears flourish more rap- is wasteful of his nervous energy, and idly in the presence of fatigue and that of others, we try to teach him hunger. So our opponents hope for the more efficient habit of coopera- us to waste our reservoir of nervous tion with others. energy through fear, confusion, class The difficulties almost everyone hatred, fatigue, and malnutrition, experiences in adjusting socially un- Our opponents have made no se- der relatively normal conditions are cret of their hope and belief that the a measure of his emotional maturity. American people will not endure the Under the severe stress of the war hardships of war. They do not emergency, all of one's inefficient doubt that we have tremendous nat- ways— his personality maladjust- ural resources, but they do doubt our ments or childish attitudes— become willingness to revise quickly our in- more apparent. Bad dispositions dulgent habits. Japanese leaders have may become worse under stress; an spoken pointedly of the ''spoiled unhappy marriage adjustment may child" mentality of the Americans, grow intolerable; the poor home- claiming that good living has made maker may come upon even harder us soft. It was no accident that days. All of our childish tendencies cutting off almost all of the rubber —blaming others, grumbling over in- supplies we enjoyed was one of the conveniences, for example— show up first objects of the Japanese military in our general inadequacy to make campaign. We are just beginning to a happy and wholesome adjustment realize the sacrifice that stratagem to the emergency. requires of all of us. Japan is confi- We pointed out in a previous ar- dent we "can't take it'' without wast- Poge 106 HOW GROWNUP ARE YOU? 107 ing our energies through whining The telephone service for civihans and resentment. Of course, our task is greatly reduced in efficiency, do- today is to show how badly our op- mestic help is almost unobtainable, ponents have misjudged the ability Tradesmen of all kinds are becoming of the average American to adapt to very independent in serving us. his difficulties. Many of the consumer goods we npHERE are many special condi- are able to buy are of inferior quality, tions incident to our war effort All of these daily annoyances add up which will cause further waste in our to a considerable waste of one's vital energies. These conditions affect all energies, if we permit them to— as of us in varying degrees today, and our opponents hope we will, they are likely to become more ser- Most of us can find a simple salva- ious as the war continues. They tion from these annoyances and challenge the emotional maturity of shortages by remembering that "mis- all of us. ery loves company." When all wom' First, there are innumerable incon- en must wear hose not so sheer and veniences and annoyances which in- lovely, perhaps no one will feel so terfere with our habitual way of liv- badly. Business failure in a depres- ing. There are many shortages of sion is not so painful as during pros- goods that are more annoying than perity, because we have plenty of directly vital to existence: sugar, company in our misery. Already we metal goods of all kinds, silk, and humorously measure social status, especially rubber and transportation not by noting how new one's auto- facilities. The nervous exhaustion mobile is, but by looking at one's over these small matters is often more tires to see how many miles he still than over major affairs, Adolph My- can go. The pain of minor depriva- ers, eminent psychiatrist, tells us. tions is largely social. When we are How sensibly we adapt to these mat- all affected more or less alike, we may ters is a good indication of how even see something amusing in the grownup we are. Our government's struggle of millions of people over relation to us in these regulations their little misfortunes. is like that of parents to their chil- Then there are the shortages just dren in matters of everyday disci- apparent on the horizon which are a pline. But since we as adults are more serious foreboding. Some es- so accustomed to not being strictly sential foods are becoming danger- regulated, we have some painful hab- ously scarce; and while we in Ameri- it revision to undergo. ca are not seriously threatened with These annoyances call upon us for famine, we may undergo some gen- a mature and patient forebearance. nine hardships before many months. The plumber fails us, resulting in Meat and dairy products are already all degrees of serious consequences; threatened. Fuel shortages already the clerks at the stores are inexperi- have many a household shivering, enced; deliveries to our homes are The acute housing shortage in de- rapidly becoming unavailable at a fense areas is definitely more serious time when we can drive our auto- than the annoyances mentioned mobiles to only a very limited extent, above. Limited medical and hospi- 108 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 tal facilities are already entering the family draw to some extent upon the acute stage in some rural and "boom" energies of the others, but so are the communities. These conditions may new joys shared in a similar manner, necessitate severe sacrifices and much And there are many compensating mature resourcefulness in adjusting experiences in the present emer- to them. gency. Some people are for the first Malnutrition from actual short- time in their lives feeling useful in ages has not affected us seriously so a great cause. For the first time in far. But one wonders how much many years, they are getting out of systematic undernourishment of debt. Many are now enjoying a more workers and children is resulting bounteous living than ever before, from both parents working, and the For some, this new sense of mastery general disorder of family life from is an invitation to dissipative living, many causes. which is usually most wasteful of Added to the strain of work in one's energy reserves. Others are many cases is the strain of much soberly conservmg themselves and time spent in traveling to and from their substance for livmg m the bet- work. All of the energy output ter world they believe will dawn to- should be carefully calculated to de- morrow. termine whether one is utilizing his pROM all we have said of the new energies in the best possible manner. conditions of today which draw In many ways our disorganized heavily upon our nervous energies, way of living today draws heavily up- what are some of the common im- on our nervous energies. The ad- mature adjustments adults are liable justments we must make to a variety to make? We may resort to the of new conditions, from being device of projecting our annoyances separated from our loved ones upon some convenient scapegoat, in service to learning a new skill and Usually an adult's loved ones in the adapting to a new job, draw heavily home are the most convenient ob- on our energy reserves in impercept- jects. Fatigued as a parent often is, ible ways. Our children are also he or she often fails to discern the making adjustments to new neigh- true sources of his annoyances. But bors among whom we move or who the family may not be especially re- move among us. Workers of all ceptive to the bad humor of any of kinds from farmers to teachers are its members, considering their own confronted with difficult new condi- special annoyances these days. It is tions. Newly increased income itself childish, needless to say, for an adult brings new problems of budgeting, to victimize others when he is an- By some of us, foolish spending is in- noyed or tired, dulged in even beyond the excessive Another immature reaction is for incomes. Then follows a succession parents to refuse to safeguard their of worries about meeting obligations, own health and welfare. Fathers Many people are learning that large and mothers, like their children, of- incomes bring headaches as well as ten refuse to be governed by ordinary joys. good judgment about proper nour- The problems of any member of a ishment, rest, and change. HOW GROWNUP ARE YOU? Blaming the government for caus- ing shortages and confusion by mis- management is a third kind of re- action. Aside from the question of the vahdity of these complaints, the question is whether this is a mature and sensible reaction. One's con- gressman might be able to help out if requested; but our neighbor us- ually does nothing but become in- fected with our complaints, which he takes up only because they nurse his annoyances. Evasions and ''chiseling" are a fourth kind of immature reaction, often associated with grumbling about the government. The task of regulating the flow of materials to civilians is extremely complicated and has been done in great haste to meet emergencies. Many loopholes can be found by those who look for them. Many people do not realize that this is their war, and the success- ful management of the materials to win it depends upon the individual patriotism of every American— not just ''the other fellow." Rationing regulations depend for their success on our ability to police ourselves. Grownup Americans comply even when they know "no one is looking." Unfortunately, the people who conform conscientiously to regula- tions are often penalized for the eva- sions of others. The "chiselers" are likely to fail to see that their noncompliance to regulations is a cause of great waste of energy through the irritation and resent- ment aroused in the conscientious. Our opponents count on our being spoiled children when it comes to giving up our liberty to do as we please about these things. A fifth immature reaction to which 109 we may fall victim has to do with our race prejudices. Perhaps there is no reaction more difficult to make in a sensible manner than that to- ward enemy nationals. Much vital energy is wasted in hating enemy na- tionals in a way that can accomplish no good purpose. Who, then, is the mature Ameri- can? In our character sketch, we would say that he is the person who 1. Has a sense of humor which overrides shortages and annoyances and who experiences a deep patriotic emotion in helping win the war through a host of "little things." 2. He works hard for victory at the tasks he can do best; but he doesn't have to be scolded about taking proper nourishment, rest, recreation. 3. He puts his surplus funds into government bonds, rather than wast- ing them on foolish spending, finally arriving at the short end of install- ment buying. 4. He has a sense of relative values between overtime and high pay and the welfare of his family his health, and his ultimate productive- ness to the war effort. 5. He does not spread resentment to others through complaining about government regulations. He advises his congressman of his well con- sidered criticism. 6. He doesn't take advantage of loopholes in government regulations. He is his own policeman. 7. He believes in the ultimate tri- umph of democratic ideals and in- dulges in no hysterical national hat- reds which may make national ene- mies of enemy nationals among us; but he has intelligent patriotism which harnesses hatred and deals death blows where they can defeat the enemy. Amy Brown Lyman Honored Counselor Marcia K. Howells A NEW and distinct honor has been accorded our beloved presi- dent, Amy Brown Lyman. She was selected January 26, 1943, by the Salt Lake City Council of Women to fill a niche in its Hall of Fame. Only three times in the past ten years has this. distinguished group chosen a few of their number "whom they delight to honor." They have selected wom- en from the leaders of the communi- ty because of outstanding devotion to public welfare and civic better- ment. At this time when women are con- tributing so much to preserve cur way of life an^ safeguard our homes and country, recognition for achieve ment is very important. Interesting is the fact that the Salt Lake City Council should honor Amy Brown Lyman at this time, when she is general president of Re- lief Society, an organization with a century of rich experience as a back- ground and characterized by devoted service to humanity. As president of Relief Society, Sister Lyman is giving inspirational guidance to 115,000 women. In addition to her Church activity. President Lyman is recognized as an authority on social welfare work. She is listed in Who's Who in Amer- ica^ American Women, Women of the Westy and Principal Women oi America. Standards by which women are selected by the Salt Lake City Coun- cil of Women for its Hall of Fame are: outstanding and unselfish serv- ice to the community during a great part of life; notable civic service and Page 110 AMY BROWN LYMAN social betterment; and outstanding personality. Before the seven wom- en were chosen, important facts were carefully considered, such as heritage and background, birth, education, civic and business affiliation, patri- otic service, and inspirational activi- ties. Six other living women were elected to the Hall of Fame this year, sharing this honor with our presi- dent. They are Dr. Maud May Bab- cock, for many years head of the speech department of the University of Utah; Judge Reva Beck Bosone, nationally recognized for her judicial work; Mrs. R. W. Fisher, Chaplain of the Salt Lake City Council of Women; Mrs. W. S. Core, a teacher of citizenship to the foreign-born; (Continued on page 120) Woman's Sphere Ramona W. Cannon npHE United States is to be con- gratulated upon the character of her women miHtary leaders. Oveta Gulp Hobby, WAAC (Women's Army Auxiliary Corps) commander, has been a state parliamentarian, lawyer, newspaper executive, bank director, author, anl political work- er. She is the charming wife of a former governor of Texas, and moth- er of two children. Dr. Mildred McAfee, lieutenant commander of more than 10,000 WAVE'S (Navy's Women Ap- pointed for Volunteer Emergency Service), was president of Wellesley College, and has been a beloved teacher, church worker, and dean of women. Mrs. Nancy Harkness Love, 28, commander of the WAFS (Wom- en's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron), has practiced many types of flying, with 1200 hours to her credit. Pos- sibly the 500 or 600 qualifying as WAFS will pilot army bombers in- to war zones. Lieutenant commander Dorothy Stratton of the SPARS ("Semper para tus"— ''Always Ready," Wom- en's Coast Guard Reserve), is also an exceptional woman. Julia Flikke, motherly 63-year-old widow, has directed nurses since she took 100 of them to France in World War L First American woman to rank as colonel, she now commands 31,000 nurses, some of whom are serving in Iceland, Alaska, England, Australia, Africa, India and the Solo- mons. IDEAS of notable women on how to win the peace. Queen WiJheimina oi the Nethei- lands: Nations must conquer their desire for revenge and aim at justice for all. Mrs. Eleanoi Roosevelt: Women of many nations have earned the right to representation at the peace table and should be preparing them- selves for such responsibility. Dorothy Thompson: United States' genius for production should be directed toward the abolishment of slums, the creation of a network of high grade hospitals that would leave no community unprovided for, and other social betterment. PearJ Buck: We must truly co- operate with the Eastern races, but, in order to do so, we must study and understand them. Helen Keller: We are responsible for other lives, for gentleness, for culture and progress. We must give now of our love and our free spirit, not to nations or peoples, but ''just the vast humanity that is being poured out in blood and anguish." We must have equal rights and op- portunities for all persons, and breathe the spirit of American de- mocracy more invincibly than our enemies have spread their propa- ganda of tyranny and viciousness. Page ] 1 1 EDITOHIAL Vol. 30 February 1943 No. 2 (<::)ur ofreedi reeaom an TN this month of February 1943, when Americans in every walk of life are struggling valiantly to pre- serve and protect the American way of life, the birthday anniversaries of two great statesmen, George Wash- ington and Abraham Lincoln, serve to remind us of the heroic struggles of the past that have given us the freedoms and the opportunities which we so jealously defend today, and impress upon us anew our duties and responsibilities toward our Gov- ernment. Prophets of old declared this con- tinent a land of promise— a land of promise because of the fertility of its soil, the extensiveness of its streams, the preciousness of its ores ''in which this land . . . doth abound most plen- tifully"; a land of promise because God through his prophets declared it so. The Prophet Lehi said: ''Wherefore, this land is consecrated unto him whom He shall bring. And if it so be that they shall serve Him according to the commandments which He hath given, it shall be a land of liberty unto them." The truly great statesmen whose ideals and labors have helped to es- tablish the American way of life, which we so highly prize today, were righteous men, having in their hearts a love for humanity and a sincere desire for the welfare of their broth- ers. We have only to read the lives of such men as Washington, Lin- coln, and others to see that their Page 112 d (k \biiities esponsi hearts were filled with the desire to promote the freedom and well-being of their fellow men. The spirit of God actuates all men whose desires are righteous and who unselfishly work for the good of man- kind. "By means of this spirit, every man is enlightened . . . each in ac- cordance with his capacity to receive the light." Inspired by the Father, our early American statesmen gave us the Constitution whereby we en- joy the greatest freedom of any peo- ple on earth. The Prophet Joseph Smith referred to the Constitution of the United States as "a glorious standard . . . founded in the wisdom of God." The Lord has told us through re- velations to the Prophet Joseph Smith that "Governments were in- stituted of God for the benefit of man; and that He holds men ac- countable for their acts in relation to them, both in making laws and ad- ministering them for the good and safety of Society." Early in the History of the Church the Prophet Joseph Smith declared one of the fundamental tenets of Mormonism to be: "We believe in being subject to kings, rulers, presi- dents, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring and sustaining the law." The true Latter-day Saint yields obedience to the law because of his firm belief in the eternal fact that a successful society can only be built upon voluntary obedience by all of EDITORIAL 113 its members to the laws which gov- ern it. The Savior unequivocally en- dorsed obedience to law when He said: ''Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things which are God's." George Washington in his Farewell Address said: ''I believe every citizen should support the Government when final action is taken, whether he approves of the action or not." Yet even while yielding obedience to unjust law, it is the duty of every- one to use every lawful means in his power to bring about those changes which will make the laws of the gov- ernment under which he lives more nearly conform to righteous princi- ples. Fortunate indeed are we who live in this land of freedom where freedom of speech is lawful; where we may openly seek changes which we believe are for the betterment of our nation. Yet always must we re- member that great blessings bring great responsibilities, and we must be sensitive to the responsibility which accompanies the blessings of free speech. Let us not mistake liberty for license. From the Articles of Faith we see that obedience to law is not enough; we must also honor and sustain the law. As we obey, honor, and sustain the laws of the land even in the smallest matters, so we become bet- ter prepared to live above man-made laws and become fit subjects of the One Righteous King. This is a day when Latter-day Saints would do well to search the Scriptures for the promises made by the Father to this great nation. It is a time when we would do well to familiarize ourselves with the strug- gles of the past and the contribu- tions of great men who have ad- vanced this nation as a land of liber- ty. It is a time when we should meditate upon what is required of each individual as a citizen in this land of promise. -B.S.S. ^ [Picture [Presented cJo (general [Board Elder George Albert Smith honored the General Board of Relief Society at its meeting on January 13, 1943, by personally presenting to the General Board a copy of a colored drawing, in size about fifteen by twenty-four inches, of Lucy Mack Smith, which he and Elder Preston Nibley had discovered recently while on a visit to Illinois. In making the presentation, Elder Smith recited a few of the major events in the life of Lucy Mack Smith, revered mother of the Prophet Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and also spoke some words of encouragement and commendation, as well as counsel to the General Board which were greatly appreciated. • The picture, a photograph of which serves as a frontispiece to this issue of the Magazine, is highly prized by the General Board, and will be hung in one of the General Board rooms. TbJtsA. TO THE FIELD cfood U^roduction and ^Processing [Program cfeatured iJoy Lruvuc Schools 'pHE 'Troduction and Processing of Food for Farm Family Use/' is the title of the course in the Rural War Production Training Program which is now under way in 10,000 rural high schools of America. The program is sponsored by the United States Office of Education in coop- eration with State Boards for Voca- tional Education and rural high schools. Persons over seventeen years of age are eligible to enroll in the courses which are offered free to the public. Competent instructors and leaders are employed to carry on the instruction and supervision of the program. Ten or more meetings con- stitute the formal instruction; and supervision and follow up by voca- tional teachers is a feature. The course on the production and processing of food is aimed at help- mg the heads of farm families to plan the family food budget and produce, process, and conserve the necessary food to meet their needs. Skills, abilities, and information incident to the growing of the Victory Garden, home poultry flock, home milk sup- ply, canning and caring of meat, preserving fruit and vegetables will be featured in the course. Every farm family can perform a fine patriotic service to our country and the whole cause of freedom by producing and preserving the food it needs from the resources on the home farm. The primary purpose of the course is to help American citi- zens to do this, so that food pro- duced in commercial quantities can be shipped to our armed forces and our Allies. All persons interested in the course are urged to contact their lo- cal high school principal, voca- tional agricultural or homemaking teacher. K/Lnniversaryi ^Jja^ LProgram m [ARCH 17, 1943, Relief Society will be 101 years of age. Anni- versary day this year, as always, will be recognized by the local Societies throughout the Church. The General Board is issuing no special suggestions for programs for this day, leaving entirely with the local Societies the planning of ap- propriate observances. However, the General Board still has on hand some of the mimeo- graphed material which was listed in Page 114 bulletin No. 21, issued November 12, 1941, suitable for a commemora- tive Relief Society program either on or near March 17, or for the Sun- day evening meeting on March 7. This may be had upon request as long as the supply lasts. It is sug- gested also that the recently issued A Centemiy of Rdiei Society con- tains valuable historical material which migh be helpful in planning anniversary programs. Suggestions for the Relief Society NOTES TO THE FIELD 115 meeting which is scheduled for the Board. These suggestions appear in evening of Fast Day, March 7, 1943, the January issue of the Reliei So- have been prepared by the General ciety Magazine. I lew Serial npHE problems and experiences of stallment of this serial which has as two people with different back- its background the fabled San Juan grounds who marry and live on a country. Mrs. Redd, who has spent desert are graphically portrayed in many years in this part of Utah, first a new serial, ^Tomorrow's Cup,'' by ^' ,^ ^^^''^^I ^^^ l^^er as a wife, is Anna Prince Redd, which will be- ^^^^ ^"f ^^f \° P^^jure for the . . ,, ,^ , . r .-I TKs reader the beauty and vastness or gin in the March issue of the Maga- ^^^ .^^ ^^.^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ zme. The struggles and heartaches ^rs. Redd has been represented in as well as the joys of the young hero- the Magazine in the field of fiction ine, are absorbingly revealed as the although her poems, articles of prose plot unfolds to its final solution. and a one-act play are already fa- You will want to read every in- miliar to our readers. K/Lcknomeagment I^HE General Board wishes to ac- These expressions of remembrance knowledge the beautiful and and good will are greatly appreci- colorful Christmas and New Year ^, j^j^r -iif .. JIT, 'A ated and tend to form a bond or greeting cards which were received from many of the stakes and mis- friendship and sisterly love at this sions of the Church. most joyful season of the year. — — ^ HUMAN EQUATION Bertha A. Kleinman The schools of the ages have lavished their culture, To fashion my temperament under control, Yet ever, anon, like the claw of a vulture. Some renegade impulse enrages my soul. I rise to the thrill of the great and the glorious, The skies for my highway, I "hitch to a star." By nightfall my envy and greed are victorious. And pitifully human my dream bubbles are. I love and am loved with a depth of devotion, I sing and am glad at the glory of life; And here I am shaken with spiteful emotion. And spoiled is my day with its tempest and strife. I rise at the spur of demand and occasion, I plunge at defeat, at temptation, I fall; My triumph, my failure are human equation — My task to exalt the composite of all! Planned Spring Cleaning Gertrude R. Garif Member of Relief Society General Board ^^VOU American women have a tremendous job to do. A home kept clean, tidy, harmonious, and beautiful . . . good meals served gra- ciously ... a wife and mother who can take her work in her stride and come up glowing and unruffled to enjoy and be enjoyed by her family at the end of the day— these things are growing daily more vital to a sane indomitable America in a tense world." So says Dr. Louis E. Bisch, psychiatrist. True as is the above statement, it's asking a great deal of us women with spring cleaning practically upon us, especially this year with help so scarce we will have to do much of the work ourselves. Yes, it is asking a great deal, but the resourcefulness of womankind has never been denied, and with a little careful plan- ning this problem can be solved suc- cessfully. Are you one of those housewives who favors a grand upheaval, ripping the house apart from top to bottom, wearing herself to shreds, and the family also, before everything is clean and in its place again? If you are, why not "plan" your seasonal clean- ing this year so that the family will realize the cleaning has been com- pleted not by the wear and tear on their dispositions, but by the shining beauty of their surroundings? I can almost hear many of you saying skep- tically, "Interesting, if true." Let me say that it can be true, and to prove it I'll give you my plan, which may be easily adapted to large or small houses and households. Page 116 I won't take space to tell you how to clean lampshades or do minor re- pair jobs, etc., because you may find all these directions in America's Housekeeping Book^ the textbook for the Home Topic lessons of 1942- 43. This book answers almost any- thing one needs to know in connec- tion with housekeeping. I start housecleaning late in Feb- ruary or early in March, depending upon the weather, and devote one or two days a week to cleaning until I have finished. First I tour the house with a note book in my hand, and note down a list of the needed repair jobs. This year, of course, there won't be any grand scale painting, etc., for obvious reasons, but there will be plenty of little things that always need fixing, such as a loose doorknob or a drawer that sticks. When I have completed my list, I then see that all these repairs are at- tended to before I start in on the real housecleaning. This is also the time I make new curtains or covers, etc. It's such a wonderful feeling to have them ready to use when the right times comes. IV/fY first plunge takes me to the attic and basement. These floors need a regular cleaning and over- hauling, especially now in wartime when so many of the useless articles that have accumulated over a period of years may be vitally needed and given away to swell the rubber, brass, or copper piles. I also start a pile consisting of clothing and household articles not needed in the war effort, to give to the Deseret Industries, PLANNED SPRING CLEANING 117 adding to this pile as my houseclean- ing progresses. When I was in the mission field the rule was laid down that my com- panion and I should change our re- sidence every three months. We de- cided that the real reason was not to make contacts with more people as much as to get rid of unnecessary ar- ticles. Today, my spring cleaning serves the same purpose to me as a move, and is much more easily ac- complished. After the attic and basement are attended to (and my husband usual- ly helps with the hard cleaning there), I turn my attention to the kitchen, back hall and bath. At this point I can't resist mentioning how I wash walls and painted surfaces. All my walls except two bedrooms happen to be covered with walltex of a slightly rough texture. First I wash these walls with a mild solution of tri-sodium-sulphate, and then rinse them with a solution of diluted cooked starch. You will be surprised how easily the soil will come off at the next cleaning time since the dirt will all be on the starch. In my kitchen I first clean the cupboards and dishes, then the ceiling and walls and finally the floors. The house doesn't seem half so dirty with these rooms fresh and clean. The next job I undertake is clean- ing and straightening all dresser drawers, the rest of the cupboards, and closets. Everything is taken out —and drawers, walls, and shelves are washed thoroughly. I also use a good spray if there is danger from moths. Fresh paper is placed in the drawers and I begin to restore order. This is the time I add to the material for the Deseret Industries, discarding those articles I can't use or make over for the children. Out-of -season clothes are hung away in moth proof bags, and place is made for articles to be needed in the near future. I then clean the two wall papered bedrooms, first washing the curtains so they can be ironed and hung wlicn all else is done. The walls and ceil- ings are cleaned with a dough-like preparation, with a thorough brush- ing afterward to remove crumbs that may cling to walls and baseboards. After I have washed the woodwork and windows, I then do the floors, scrubbing the one bedroom rug or sending it out to be cleaned, and cleaning and waxing the wooden floor of the other bedroom. Since the children's bedroom has washable walls I clean them when I do the front hall, the procedure being much the same as for the kitchen and bath. The final windup brings me to the living and dining rooms. Draperies are cleaned so they will be ready to hang when all other cleaning in these rooms is completed. I make good use of the vacuum appliances on upholstered furniture, etc. After the walls, windows, and woodwork have been washed, and the carpeted floor vacuumed (or cleaned if the carpet needs cleaning), and furniture pol- ished, I hang the draperies, replace pictures, lamps and bric-a-brac. By cleaning according to this plan —doing a little each week and start- ing early in the season— your house- cleaning may be accomplished with- out exerting much more effort than would be expended on your regular cleaning days. Yes, it is wonderful what a little planning will do to make your house- cleaning easy! Flag Etiquette Due to many questions on proper flag etiquette which have arisen as the result of the entrance of the United States into World War II, the following information is presented to the readers of The Relief Society Magazine. It is reprinted by courtesy of The National Americanism Commission, The American Legion, Indianapolis, Indiana, from its bulletin, "Let's Be Right on Flag Etiquette." Q. Is it proper to fly the Fhg oi the United States oi America out- doois all night long now that the United States is engaged in war? A. No. The rules of civilian flag etiquette still govern, and the Flag should be displayed outdoors only from sunrise until sunset. The only cases where the Flag properly flies at night are: 1— Two Flags over the Capitol Building in Washington; one over the east front and one over the west front, day and night throughout the year. 2— Over a permanent fort or ship when engaged in battle. Q. Is it necessary ior a person to stand and salutewhen a reproduc- tion of the Flag of the United States of America is flashed on a motion picture screen? Page 118 A. No; it is not necessary to salute reproductions or photographs of the Flag. Q. Is it necessary for a person to stand and salute when the Na- tional Anthem is sung? A. If the National Anthem is sung by the entire audience, those per- sons present should stand, but not salute. If the National An- them is sung by a soloist accom- panied by a band, orchestra or other musical instruments and the Flag is displayed, the audience should stand at atten- tion and salute; those present in uniform using the right hand military salute and those in civil- ian dress, the civilian salute (plac- ing the right hand over the heart). When the National Anthem FLAG ETIQUETTE 119 is played and/or sung by a soloist and the Flag is not displayed, those in uniform salute and those in civilian dress merely stand and face the music, men removing the headdress. Q. What should persons do when they are walking along the street and ''The Star Spangled Banner'' is heard? A. If the music is near, you should stop, stand at attention and un- cover. Q. Is it necessary for a person to stand and salute when the Na- tional Anthem is played over a loud speaker arrangement, film tract J radio y ''juke box' or other type oi a musical reproduction machine in a theater, restaurant, or other public place? A. No. It is recommended that per- sons pay respect only w^hen the National Anthem is played by a band, orchestra or other musical instrument actually in the room. However, Colonel James A. Moss (deceased), who was head of the United States Flag Asso- ciation and who was recognized throughout the nation as an au- thority on flag etiquette, has sev- eral answers to the question of what one should do when 'The Star Spangled Banner" is heard over the radio. He says, "It de- pends on circumstances. Gen- erally speaking if it seems natural and not forced to stand and un- cover, it should be done; other- wise, it should not. For example, if eating at table, lying in bed, or working in the kitchen, standing at attention would be forced and unnatural.'' The office of the National Americanism Commission be- lieves that when the National Anthem is played over a radio or in a restaurant from a ''juke box" or some other type of musi- cal reproduction machine, or in a theater over a film tract, here again it would seem more or less forced and unnatural to pay re- spect. Q. Is it proper to stand when "Amer- ica," "God Bless America," "The Red, White and Blue'' and other such patriotic songs are played? A. No; it is not proper. Q. Has a change been made in the position oi the right arm and hand while pledging allegiance to the Flag oi the United States oi America? A. No; there has been no change. The procedure set forth in the Flag Code is still recommended and that procedure is as follows: PLEDGE TO THE FLAG In pledging allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, the approved practice in schools, which is suitable also for civilian adults, is as follows: Standing with the right hand over the heart, all repeat together the fol- lowing pledge: "I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." At the words "to the Flag," the right hand is extended, palm upward, toward the Flag, and this position is held until the end, when the hand, after the words, "Justice for all," drops to the side. 120 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 However, civilian adults will al- ways show full respect to the Flag, when the pledge is being given, by merely standing at attention, men removing the headdress. Persons in uniform should render the right hand salute. Q. Can the Fhg be washed oi dry- cJeaned.^ A. Yes; it is permissible to wash or dry-clean the Flag. Q. In displaying the Fhg iht, either horizontally or veitically, in the window of a home or place oi business, or flat against the wall, what should he the position of the Flag? A. It should be displayed with the union (blue field with stars) to the left of the observer in the street. Q. In what position should the Flag he when suspended vertically over the middle oi the street? A. In a north and south street the union (field of blue) should be to the east, and in an east and west street, it should be to the north. > Amy Brown Lyman Honored (Continued from page no) Mrs. Mollie E. Graham, devoted to the interests of children; and Mrs. Lula Greene Richards, 94 years of age in April of this year, the first edi- tor of the Women's Exponent, the the forerunner of The Reliei Society Magazine. Mrs. Richards is still ac- tive in the literary field. These women will be given public honor and acclaim at a banquet sometime in March. We congratu- late them for their fine achievement. ^- ''Let us have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let us to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it." "The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." "Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away." —Abraham Lincoln FROM THE FIELD Vera White PohJman, General Secretary-Treasurer Regulations governing the submittal of material for "Notes from the Field" appear in the Magazine for June 1942, page 420. RELIEF SOCIETY CENTENNIAL OBSERVANCES Southern States Mission 'pHE Augusta Branch, of which Bessie Palmer is Relief Society president, sent a brief report of its centennial observance, as follows: ''Our celebration was a huge suc- cess. It started on March 15 begin- ning with sacrament meeting. Our chapel, which we think is one of the prettiest in the Church, was one big flower garden. A reception com- mittee consisting of the branch Re- lief Society presidency welcomed the guests and gave them programs as they entered. The play 'Relief So- ciety Why?' was presented, and the song 'A Hundred Thousand Strong' was sung. The attendance was the largest we have had in years. "On Tuesday, March 17, 1942, we had a real birthday party, honoring two of our members who themselves had birthdays in March. We thoroughly enjoyed the phonograph record which you were so kind to send. We used it Sunday, March 1 5, and Tuesday, March 17. It thrilled us through and through to hear the Prophet of God speak." Laura M. Smith, president of the Azalea Branch Relief Society ( South Alabama District), sent an interest- CENTENNIAL TREE-PLANTING, AZALEA BRANCH, SOUTH ALABAMA DISTRICT, SOUTHERN STATES MISSION President Laura M. Smith stands with hand on the tree; on each side of her are her counselors. Page 121 122 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 CENTENNIAL BANQUET Trona Branch, California Mission ing account of events in commem- oration of the centennial in this branch : ''On December 22, 1942, during a heavy rain storm, members of our branch held a tree-planting cere- mony on the Church grounds. Mov- ing pictures of this ceremony were taken by Mr. and Mrs. Lev^is M. Founds. In addition, a cement vault near the tree marker was filled with a box containing a history of the Re- lief Society organization from its beginning to the present, with pic- tures of all presidents and the dates and years of their service, a list of all Relief Society members of the year 1942, and a copy of the dedica- tory prayer given by Lewis M. Founds, Sunday School superinten- dent. Another event of the day was a Christmas party held in The Hall.' ''We are proud of our branch, for we now have twenty members en- rolled, with twenty-one subscriptions to the Magazine. Due to gas ration- ing ( nd scattered living conditions, only a few members are able to at- tend meetings all the time, but we feel that if they have the Magazine they are still in touch with Relief Society and receive much needed and beautiful messages each month." The accompanying picture shows the centennial tree. California Mission DUTH BELL, president of the Trona Branch Relief Society, sent the following short report of the celebration held in this branch: "Our Relief Society, which was organized last October (1941) near Death Valley, celebrated the centen- nial, March 17, 1942, with a banquet for the entire Trona Branch. Our centennial queen, Mrs. Carrie Ben- son, oldest member of our Society, lighted the candle for our cake. The accompanying picture shows the representation of our branch in at- tendance at the Banquet." Noithwestern States Mission pRANCES D. REES, secretary of the Dillon Branch Relief Society, sent the following note, along with NOTES FROM THE FIELD 123 CENTENNIAL BANQUET North and South Butte Branches, Northwestern States Mission the accompanying picture, concern- dinner on March 17. Our birthday ing the centennial observance of this cake was the most beautiful cake branch: creation that I have ever seen. The 'The picture of the group shows frosting looked like beautiful lace those who attended our centennial and was made entirely of sugar and CENTENNIAL DINNER Dillon Branch, Northwestern States Mission 124 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 water. There were no toothpicks, no wire, nor anything to make it stand. Emma Mast made the cake, and Ruth Packer frosted it." Ada Dieterle is the president of this branch Rehef Society. Eastern States Mission pDNA L. ERASER, secretary of the Albany Branch Rehef So- ciety, reports that the centennial was recognized by an extensive an- nouncement in The Knickerbocker News of Albany, New York. This writeup gave a summary of the ori- gin, purpose, and history of Relief So- ciety, and featured the branch of Al- bany and the accomplishments of this branch in the Church Welfare Program. Included with the an- nouncement was a group picture of the officers of this branch. They are: Almira Heeney Klein, president; Joan Cooley Leigh and Olga Butler Hopper, counselors; and Edna Eraser, secretary. Utah Stake (Provo, Utah) A MERICA PERRY, president of Pioneer Ward Relief Society, reports its centennial program in these words: "The Pioneer Ward Relief Society held its centennial program March 17, 1942. This program was in the form of a 'Dr. Quiz' broadcast. Each of the general presidents of Relief Society was represented, dressed in the style of her time, and each gave a short explanation of the work ac- complished in Relief Society while she was president, in answer to ques- tions asked her by 'Dr. Quiz.' Then each former president of the ward or- ganization was honored, and some of her accomplishments were men- tioned. Nine of our eleven presidents were present, the other two being de- CENTENNIAL LUNCHEON Pioneer Ward, Utah Stake NOTES FROM THE FIELD 125 CENTENNIAL TREE-PLANTING Milton Ward, Morgan Stake ceased. Luncheon was served in the menced at two o'clock and consisted amusement hall at long tables. The of song, music, and Relief Society president's table was centered with history. Margaret Whittier gave a beautifully decorated, tiered birth- the opening address of welcome, day cake trimmed in blue and gold. Two of the outstanding features of with 100 blue and gold candles on it. the occasion were the participation Over the top was an arch on which on the program of elderly members were inscribed the words 'Charity of our Society, and the playing of the Never Faileth.' Our tree-planting recorded messages from President ceremony consisted of talks and musical numbers, the dedication be- ing made by our ward bishop. A spirit of companionship and sisterly love prevailed throughout the ob- servance, and all who participated in this occasion will long remember it." Morgan Stake (Morgan, Utah) [ARGARET WHITTIER, for- mer president of the Milton M' Heber J. Grant and President Amy Brown Lyman. After the program, a banquet was held in the recreation hall. The table was centered with a beautifully decorated birthday cake iced in Relief Society colors, topped with the number loo in gold. Cyn- thia Griddle, oldest past Relief So- ciety president in the ward, cut the cake. Due to weather conditions, our centennial tree— a flowering crab was not planted until a month Ward Relief Society, reviewed this i . i • i J, ^ • ^ \- -^' c 1 later, when a special program was wards centennial activities as rol- j.jrr.i.^ -ijj , presented. 1 his program included a ^ * tribute to Relief Society by W. E. "We observed the one-hundredth Griddle, a poem 'I Planted a Tree,' birthday of the Relief Society in the and a violin solo. Trees.' Joseph F. Milton Ward Chapel, Tuesday, Spendlove offered the dedicatory March 17, 1942. The program com- prayer." 125 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 North Sanpete Stake (Mount Pleasant, Utah) nPALULA F. NELSON and Johan- na O. Peel, presidents, respec- tively, of the Mount Pleasant North and South Ward Relief Societies, sent the following account of a joint celebration held March 17, 1942: 'The two Mt. Pleasant Wards of the North Sanpete Stake Relief So- ciety, with Ruby S. Jensen, stake president, celebrated the centennial birthday of Relief Society on March 17 in the South Ward chapel. The radio broadcast from the Relief So- ciety General Board over KSL the morning of March 17 was an inspira- tional setting for the day for all those who listened. All members and eli- gible members of the Relief Society and their partners, were invited to assemble at eleven o'clock in the morning. As the guests entered, each wrote his name on a sheet of paper. This list of names, along with a de- scription of the activities of the day, notes about present world condi- tions, and some relics were sealed up in a tin can to be opened in fifty years. "At twelve o'clock our program started in the recreation room by singing 'A Hundred Thousand Strong.' Prayer was offered by Patriarch Arthur O. Neilson. Follow- ing this, an old-fashioned hot dinner of beef stew with vegetables, and rice pudding was served in cafeteria style from three long tables. The serving was done by twelve men— husbands and sons of Relief Society members —dressed in white shirts, long white aprons, and white caps trimmed in blue. They looked handsome and were applauded as they came in to serve. 'The program was varied and made interesting by touches of humor. Talks were given highlight- ing points in ward Relief Society his- tory. Other features were a candle- lighting ceremony, the presentation of 100 birthday pennies to each ward Primary organization with responses from Primary children, the singing of 'Happy Birthday,' modern and old-time dancing in costume, and the unveiling of centennial quilts. The program included a short pag- eant. Since quilting is a typical Re- lief Soceity activity, each ward made a special quilt for this occasion. T'he North Ward quilt was a beautiful creation— red and blue on a white background. The South Ward quilt was blue and gold, with the names of all present ward Relief Society members embroidered in blue in a triangle on a gold background, and the border was quilted in a sego lily design. It is intended that this quilt be preserved for a century. "After a short intermission, the sacred part of our program was pre- sented in the chapel. The Singing Mothers sang two new songs com- posed for the occasion, and the tran- scribed messages of President Grant and President Lyman were played. In addition, a short history of the life of Margaret F. Cruckshank Morri- son, who served forty years as first president of the Mt. Pleasant Relief Society, was told in combination radio and pageant form, with Alice J. Stewart representing Mrs. Morrison. The benediction was pronounced by Myranda S. P. Oman, eighty-five years of age. A dance with old-time music and refreshments furnished NOTES FROM THE FIELD 127 CENTENNIAL LUNCHEON Pocatello First Ward, Pocatello Stake the evening s entertainment. Many expressions of appreciation came to us. that this had been a perfect day." Pocatello Stake (Pocatello, Idaho) A NNA HAWKES, secretary of the "^ Pocatello First Ward Relief So- ciety, reports its centennial obser- vance as follows : "Our centennial celebration w^as very successful. The day v^as lovely, and as members entered the chapel they heard the strains of organ mu- sic, and were greeted by our Relief Society officers. Our chorus, under the direction of Lola Sebiess, choris- ter, and Sue Bowen, organist, gave a fine rendition of 'Spirit of God,' 'My Heart is a Silent Violin,' and *Peace I Leave With You.' Our play. The Organization of the Relief Society in Nauvoo,' was taken from the March 1932 issue of the Magazine, and was directed by Lucile Pack, with Helen West as the reader. The play was very well acted, and all who took part in it deserve our praise. The candle-lighting ceremony was very impressive. The reader, Melvina Sutton, gave a tribute to each of the eight general presidents of Relief Society while the candles were being lighted." A luncheon, served to 176 guests, was also part of the festivities (see accompanying picture) . ''All in all, the whole program was praise- worthy, and everyone enjoyed it. Members were given a memento of the occasion as they left." Bessie Capell is president of this ward Relief Society. 128 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 CENTENNIAL LUNCHEON Maywood Ward, South Los Angeles Stake South Los Angeles Stake (Huntington Park, California) to a newspaper clipping sent us by E. C. Petrie, ward clerk of this ward. T^HE accompanying picture shows This writeup gave a summary of the ^ the members of the Maywood origin and purpose of Relief Society, Ward Relief Society, of which and announced the proposed pro- Florence Kuffer is president, who participated in a centennial party on March 17. Approximately 140 mem- bers attended. The party included a program and a lunch at which a large birthday cake was ceremoniously cut. Relief Society officers dressed in cos- tumes typical of those worn in 1842. Seattle Stake ( Sea ttle, Washington ) npHE centennial observance of the gram to be held in the Bellingham Ward on the evening of March 17. It was stated that the program was to include a tree-planting ceremony at 10:30 Tuesday morning, and that the evening program would include a pageant portraying the eight gen- eral presidents of Relief Society posed in a large picture frame. Ber- neice Quakenbush was president of this ward at the time of the centen- nial, Ella M. Petrie being the present Bellingham Ward Relief Society president. We appreciate the was recognized in the Belh'ngham thoughtfulness of Brother Petrie in Heiald of March 15, 1942, according sending us this clipping. LESSON DEPARTMENT Qjheologti and cJestimony "Articles of Faith" By James E. Talmage Lesson 16 Revelation: Past, Present, and Future (Tuesday, May 4, 1943) Condensation of Chapter 16 of Articles oi Faith, by Talmage Article 9— ''We believe all that God has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God." Revelation and Inspiration In a theological sense the term levdation signifies the making known of divine truth by communi- cation from the heavens. Divine rev- elation may consist of disclosures or declarations concerning the attri- butes of Deity, or of an expression of the will of God regarding the af- fairs of men. Divine inspiration may be regarded as a lower or less direct- ly intensive operation of spiritual in- fluence upon man than is shown in revelation. Communication From God To Man It is a privilege of the Holy Priest- hood to commune with the heavens, and to learn the immediate will of the Lord; this communion may be effected through the medium of dreams and visions, by Urim and Thummim, through the visitation of angels, or by higher endowment of face to face communication with the Lord. Revelation In Ancient Times The patriarchs and prophets from Adam on down, including Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Joshua, through the Judges to David and Solomon, thence to John who was the forerunner of the Messiah, were blessed with the gift of revelation in varying degrees. Christ Himself Was a Revelator Notwithstanding His personal au- thority, God though He had been and was, while Jesus Christ lived as a man among men He declared His work to be that of One greater than Himself, by whom He had been sent and from whom He received instruc- tions. Page 129 130 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 The Apostles Likewise Revelatois The Apostles, left to bear the bur- den of the Church after the depar- ture of the Master, looked to heaven for guidance, expected and received the word of revelation to direct them in their exalted ministry. Current Revelation Necessary Revelation from God to man has been a vital characteristic of the liv- ing Church and is essential to the Church. Alleged Objections in Scripture Attempts to refute the doctrine of continued revelation by quoting certain passages of scripture are piti- ably futile; they carry their own ref- utation, and leave untouched the truth that belief in current revelation is wholly reasonable and strictly scriptural. Lattei-day Revelation The scriptures, far from asserting a cessation of revelation in latter times, expressly declare the restor- ation and latter-day operation of that gift. Revelation Yet Future The canon of scripture is still open; many lines, many precepts, are yet to be added; revelation, sur- passing in importance and glorious fullness any that has been recorded, is yet to be given to the Church and declared to the world. LESSON PLAN Lesson Aim: To show that the Lord has spoken, is speaking, and yet shall speak for the direction and guidance of His children. Suggested Material Outline Distinction between inspiration and revelation "... I would place first and foremost the duty of seeking unto the Lord our God until we open the path of communi- cation from heaven to earth— from God to our own souls. Keep every avenue of your hearts clear and pure before Him." {Discourses oi Brigham Young, p. 63) A. Inspiration 1. The Spirit enlightens every one in the world 2. The Holy Ghost is given to those who are bap- tized into the Church of Christ 3. Light and truth may come to those who seek its guidance B. Revelation 1. For personal benefit 2. For benefit of the Church 3. How it may be given (See Articles ot Faith Chapter 16, "Communi- cation from God to Man.") II. Latter-day Saint view of reve- lation logical "The Bible is a record of a people's religious experience. LESSON DEPARTMENT 131 Through its entire history, spanning a score of centuries, revelation of God's will to man through His servants was the vitalizing element of that re- ligion. In fact, the revelation of God's will, or the discovery by the prophets of God's will is the central theme of the rec- ord. The Christian world ac- cepts that as a matter of course. Is a continuation of that vital- izing element in religion un- reasonable? Joseph Smith's an- nouncement of communion with God in the Sacred Grove, and elsewhere, is entirely in harmony with hundreds of sim- ilar experiences recorded in the accepted Christian Bible." (See also Discourses of Biig- ham Young, pp. 57-58.) A. Doctrine of continued reve- lation is reasonable B. Doctrine of continued reve- lation is scriptural (See II Nephi 28:29-30; and 29:6-12; and Doctrine and Covenants 11:25.) III. Revelation essential to exist- ance of the true Church A. New circumstances demand new enlightenment B. Insures an authorized min- istry in the Church C. Provides guidance to Church officers in their Church administrations IV. What the doctrine of contin- ued revelation to the Church means to you individually A. Ability of the Church to meet changing conditions B. Instills faith to meet trials C. Belief in God's omnipo- tence Suggested Method Outline Two class members might be as- signed in advance to treat the two topics in the outline, 'Inspiration" and ''Revelation." The quotation from Bngham Young's Discourses might be used as an opening point of contact at the beginning of the lesson. Following are statements which might be discussed during the pre- sentation of the lesson: 1. Show that inspiration does not deprive man of his freedom or indi- viduality. 2. Cite the principal objections. professedly founded on scripture, to the doctrine of continued revela- tion. 3. What is known of God's reve- lations to Adam, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses? The last topic of the outline makes a splendid opening for the bearing of testimonies by the women. References Talmage, James E., Sunday Night Talks, pp. 308-318. Discourses oi Biigham Young, pp. 61-62. Smith, Joseph F., Gospel Doctrine, p. 75. 132 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 ViSitifig o/eachers Messages to the Home Lesson 8 The Spirit of The Good Neighbor as An Expression of Faith (Tuesday, May 4, 1943) npO be a good neighbor is to obey the highest commandment giv- en to man by our Lord and Savior. It is to love others as ourselves. If this high ideal were practiced, it would establish the Kingdom of Heaven on earth. Our neighbors, in the broadest sense, include all mankind. We are all the children of our Heavenly Fa- ther, and He loves each one of us. The spirit of the good neighbor leads all those who possess it not only to desire the same good for all others that they wish for themselves, but to strive to make that good a reality. The Apostle Paul gives us the char- acteristics of this spirit of love. They are patience, forbearance, long- suffering, kindness, generosity, court- esy, humility, unselfishness, good temper, thinking well of others, and love of truth. In a revelation to the Prophet Jo- seph Smith, the Lord said: And now, verily, I say unto thee, put your trust in that Spirit which leadeth to do good — yea, to do justly, to walk humbly, to judge righteously; and this is my Spirit. (Doctrine and Covenants 11:12) And He further states that, ... I will impart unto you of my Spirit, which shall enlighten your mind, which shall fill your soul with joy; Speaking to the Relief Society, on March 28, 1842, the Prophet Joseph Smith said: ... let your hearts expand, let them be enlarged towards others; you must be long-suffering, and bear with the faults and errors of mankind. The spirit of the good neighbor is a practical ideal. There are number- less daily occasions where its teach- ings can be applied. There are al- ways with us those who need real kindness. There are plenty of op- portunities for generosity, unselfish- ness, good temper, and courtesy. This spirit can extend beyond per- sonal relationships to the commun- ity. We can strive to obtain for every child, for example, what we wish for our own. Our public school system is an expression of this spirit. Every child should have educational opportunities, health opportunities, a normal home, and those things which make for its greatest physical, mental, moral, and spiritual develop- ment. As Mary E. Richmond once said. We should not only care for the unfor- tunate one who was robbed and beaten on the road from Jericho to Jerusalem, but we should clear the road of thieves and robbers and make of it a safe place for wom- en and children to travel. To do good to all men, whoever they may be, is one of the funda- LESSON DEPARTMENT 133 mental principles of the Gospel, and 2. Whom do you think Jesus meant by is the real spirit of the good neigh- ^^^ word "neighbor" in His reply to 1^ the question of the lawyer? 3. Who is in greater need of neighborly Discussion love, the good or the wrongdoer? 1. Relate the incidents leading to the 4. What are some of the qualities of parable of the Good Samaritan; also charity, or love, as expressed in First relate the parable. Corinthians, Chapteri3? ^ vi/ork-and' {Business New-fashioned T hrift Lesson 7 Substitutes (For optional use on Tuesday, April 13, 1943) T TNDER present conditions, each not of the same value. Meat and week brings various changes and other animal proteins contain the new problems which affect the daily important amino acids or building living in every American home. With stones needed to insure good quality, some commodities already rationed while the vegetable proteins are not and many more in the offing, house- complete alone but need to be used wives, according to Government with protective foods to be well bal- plans, will not only need to juggle anced. Besides protein of good qual- their budgets but also their coupons ity, meat supplies thiamin, niacin, for obtaining such commodities, riboflavin, iron and flavor. Fish, However, the Government is ration- poultry, milk, cheese, eggs, dried ing food not to make meal planning peas and beans, soybeans, nuts, vari- more difficult, but to make sure each ety and glandular meats, can be used one— service man and woman, ally in many combinations as the main and civilian gets his share of the par- dish. Meat need not be entirely ticular foods he needs. In order that substituted, but extended by the use each may have his proportion, shar- of other food, such as rice, noodles, ing and careful planning, with the dumplings, potatoes and other vege- help of substitutes for the ''must tables. Leftovers can be used in haves," are necessary. The word stews, croquettes, hash, souffles, or ''substitutes" should be used advised- in sauce served on waffles or biscuits, ly, especially in reference to foods. Casserole dishes are convenient to particularly protein foods. Perhaps use in extending the flavor of meat, "alternate main dish" or "in place fish, or vegetables. Meat goes fur- of" are more accurate expressions, ther when cooked at a moderately The housewife needs to know, es- low, even temperature, pecially when using foods inter- While soybeans have been used as changeably, that all protein foods are food, though not extensively, they 134 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 are now frequently used in combina- baking, some substitutions that have tion with other foods. The meat in- been worked out are: dustry is experimenting with a meat For i cup granulated sugar use: and soy sausage which will stretch molasses— i cup with Y^ ts. soda; the supply of sausage meat. Millers reduce liquid requirements of are working on combinations of recipe ^^ to Yz amount. . white and soy flour, testing them in honey— i cup with Y4 ts. soda; re- breakfast cereals. Soybeans are used duce liquid requirements of to furnish oil in soap and paint recipe Y4 to Y2 amount, and to make plastics. Now they maple, maple-cane, or corn syrup furnish a possible source for a new —1 cup and Y2 cup sugar; re- fibre that is warm and feels like wool. duce the liquid same as above. ^, ^. . r £ 1 brown or maple suear- 1 cup firm- The rationmg of sugar so far has 1 k d not been a real hardship, and there ^ P are substitutes that can take the place These amounts will vary a little ac- of sugar without lessening the food cording to the density of the mate- value; however, the recipes calling rials. for sugar must be adjusted when sub- The flavor and color of the finished stitutes are used. A Government product will also vary according to bulletin says that when syrups and whether light or dark ingredients are maple products are substituted for used. Foods containing honey have sugar, their differences must be kept a tendency to brown more quickly in mind. Sorghum, molasses, and than do those containing other cane syrup are less sweet than maple sweetenings, so the temperature for sugar, honey, or sugar itself, and one baking may be slightly reduced. A and one-half times as much of them combination of molasses or honey is required to obtain the same de- with sugar (half and half) produces gree of sweetness. Corn syrup is results most nearly like that obtained even less sweet and twice as much from the use of all sugar, corn syrup as sugar is required to After the sugar has been taken obtain an equal degree of sweetness, from the sugar cane, chemists are In addition, it must be remembered using the residue of the sugar cane that syrups add water as well as their to make a substitute for the wax own characteristic flavor to the food, used in floor waxes and varnishes. Honey or corn syrup may be substi- Many other useful materials and sub- tuted for one-half the sugar in put- stitutes are being made through ting up fruit without affecting the rneans of chemistry. When nylon delicate flavor of the fruit. Honey, is again available for civilian use, when available, may replace one-half there will no doubt be many new de- the sugar in jellies, jams, preserves, velopments, and nylon will be blend- or marmalades. Corn syrup may re- ed with other fibres to make substi- place one-half the sugar in preserves, tutes for many fabrics now in use. but only one-quarter in jellies and If, and when, liquid milk is ra- jams. Slightly longer cooking is re- tioned, tomato and fruit juices may quired to get the same consistency be used in the place of milk to make as when sugar is used alone. For biscuits, cake, gingerbread, and cook- LESSON DEPARTMENT 135 ies. Vegetable juices heated slowly, served in cups with a slice of lemon or other tart fruit can be used occa- sionally in place of cocoa, or made into sauces to serve with spaghetti or noodles. Averaged figures show that butter contains two and one-half times as much Vitamin A as does fortified margarine, often used as a butter substitute, but that marga- rine costs half as much. Every home- maker, however, is eager to get good quality nourishment as well as quan- tity for the money spent. While we are all concerned with substitutes for many of the foods we have been in the habit of using, our vital con- cern is to find substitutes that will maintain health and good nutrition. Many such substitute foods are avail- able. New sources of cloth for clothes may be milk, peanuts, fish, protein, glass and bark of trees. Milkweed, a nuisance plant in some places, is going to work for the navy, and the floss will be used as a substitute for kapok in life preserv- ers and rubber boats. If it proves substantial, it may be used in place of wool. Surveys show that clay, one of the oldest raw materials, is plentiful; hence, many products such as sewer pipe, dinner ware, pot- tery, hospital supplies and earthen- ware cooking utensils, are being made of clay for civilian and military needs. Plywood is being used for springs in upholstered chairs. Reports say that where plywood is used furniture is not as plump as the conventional overstuffed kind, but it is quite com- fortable and good looking. Civilian products using steel, copper, or alum- inum are due for further drastic cuts in production, and unless the makers of less essential commodities can sub- stitute such materials as wood-fibre or glass for essential metals, the Gov- ernment v^ll no doubt entirely stop the production of such commodities. Many household articles made of wood, glass, or plastic, such as cook- ing utensils, salad bowls, lamps, etc., are now on the market. As yet there seems to be no substi- tute for metal wire used in egg-beat- ers, strainers, sieves, etc., so the housewife should take good care of these utensils to make them last for the duration. The few canned foods and other products that are released to civilians in the future will have a different dress. Containers will be of electrolytic tinplate which is not tin at all, but a specially prepared steel plate. Then specially baked enamels will be used to protect the food against discoloration, and to safeguard against rusting of the can. Many dried foods and other articles will come in paper and pasteboard cartons. Buttons regarded as brass and pearl are not what they seem, but are made of zinc with brass and enamel coating and of inexpensive plastic. The latter versatile material allows for many bright colors which are very decorative. Whatever changes may come, the American woman can and will meet them. Rationing and substitutes may be a nuisance, but will no doubt have a salutary effect on many house- hold budgets. Out of all this may emerge a nation of intelligent con- sumers—consumers who will have learned, through necessity, to live within their incomes. 136 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 References Pamphlet "Rationing — Why and How/' Consumer Division, Office of Price Ad- ministration, Washington, D.C. The Relief Society Magazine, "Sugges- tions for Home Topics' Class Leaders," November 1942, p. 805 Homemaker's sections of current issues of women's magazines Radio programs Daily press ^ JLiterature The Bible as Literature Lesson 8 ustrations of Great Themes in Bible Literature and the nfluence of the Bible upon Our Lives (Tuesday, May 18, 1943) Objective: To suggest the relation of some of the great themes in the Bible to our own hves. Lesson Topics 1. Personahties of the Bible con- tinued—Mary of Nazareth 2. The theme of the Bible as a whole 3. A few specific Bible themes 4. The influence of the Bible up- on our daily lives Mary of Nazareth The last lesson considered Eve, the first woman, the mother of man- kind. We shall now turn to Mary, the mother of Jesus, the greatest of all mankind. Mary knew the heights of joy and the depths of sorrow. She was of the royal tribe of Judah, but was reared as a humble Nazarene maiden, becoming betrothed to a carpenter, Joseph. We can scarcely imagine her as- tonishment when the Angel Gabriel appeared to her and said: ''Hail, . . . blessed art thou among women," and told her of her mission. After she had comprehended the meaning of his words, she visited Elizabeth and uttered her joy in a triumphal song, similar to the one Hannah sang when she blessed the Lord for the gift of hei son Samuel. After Mary's return from her three months' visit with her cousin, Eliza- beth, Joseph's nobility of character is shown in the fact that he, "... not willing to make her a public ex- ample, was minded to put her away privily." But the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and informed him that Mary's condition was a cause of honor and rejoicing, not of shame and mourning, because she was to bear the Son of God. In the Book of Mormon, Nephi 11:13-21, Nephi saw in vision the Virgin and the Son of God and when he was asked by an angel what he LESSON DEPARTMENT 137 « saw, he replied: "A virgin, most multitudes followed Him from place beautiful and fair above all other to place to hear Him speak and to virgins." be healed of their infirmities, she Some of the incidents in the life rejoiced in His power, of Jesus must have had a remark- Then came His crucifixion. The able effect upon his mother. For Apostle John, who himself witnessed instance, there was the time when the tragic event from a point near she and Joseph brought Jesus, a baby, the cross, records the pathetic inci- to the temple at Jerusalem to present dent. She stood nearby, her mother- Him to the Lord. The faithful Sim- heart breaking at the agony Jesus eon, waiting for the fulfillment of was enduring. It must have been a the promise that he would see the comfort to her in the days that fol- Christ before he died, took Him up lowed to know that in that dreadful in his arms. He acknowledged that hour her Son's sympathy went out this promise had now been made to her. It would seem that He knew good. This must have been a proud her need of a son to support her in and happy moment for the young this dark trial and He gave to her mother. His friend John. He said, "Woman, But, as said before, she tasted behold thy son!" and to John, "Be- deepest sorrow, too. Even Simeon hold thy mother! And from that foresaw suffering for Jesus and for hour that disciple took her unto his Mary. He told her, "Yea, a sword own home." shall pierce through thy own soul Mr. Done points out that there is also;" something pathetic and beautiful in Indeed, her soul must have been this incident. Jesus, whose work had pierced many times during the years made Him almost an exile from that followed. There was the time, home for years, recognized the pur- while He was still a lad, when she ity and strength of mother love and thought He was lost and found Him hallowed it by making it the last tie in the temple talking with the wise that bound him to earth. Having men. Great as her relief must have made provision for His mother with been when she found Him un- one who should be a tender guard- harmed, it was not unmixed joy, for ian. He had no further duty to per- she was made to realize even at that form. Mr. Done says, "Surely no early time that their lives would be higher recognition of the sacred tie separated by His divine mission. His of motherhood— the acme of the words: "Wist ye not that I must be development of true womanhood— about my Father's business?" brought can be thought of than this." home to her the fact that she was ''Mary revealed her faith and hu- His mother, but that He was the mility in her immediate surrender of Son of God. herself to the divine will though she When He began preaching a knew not how it was to be accom- strange doctrine and performing plished; she revealed her energy and miracles and some people began to earnestness in her journey to Heb- hate Him and say false things about ron; her happy thankfulness in her Him, Mary suffered. But when the song of joy; her loyalty and trust in 138 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 keeping her Son's words in her heart, though she could not fully under- stand them. So far as Mary is por- trayed in the Scriptures she is all we should have expected, the most ten- der, the most faithful, humble, pa- tient, and loving of women, but a woman still." This concluding lesson of the in- troductory course in Bible literature will consider some of the themes in the great book. The Theme of the Bible as a Whole Such questions as these, humanity has continued to ask since the begin- ning of time: What is the meaning of the world? Is God my Father? Can I trust Him? What are my re- lations to my fellow men? Who was Christ and what is His mission? Answers to these questions form the great themes which merge into the all-inclusive theme of the Bible— the study of man and his struggle to- ward salvation. As Clayton S. Cooper says in his book, The Bible and Modem Lite, 'The Bible spreads out before us God's plan for human existence." For this reason, in all times men have come to the Scriptures to find the visions of life and its plan where, as Matthew Arnold says: The eye sinks inward, and the heart lies plain, And what we say we mean, and what we would, we know. A man becomes aware of his life's flow, And hears its winding murmur. The theme is righteousness, for the Bible strikes down injustice and wrong wherever these are found. "It is the book of right, of integrity, of sincerity, and reality." It is God's revelation of Himself to His children —a revelation which Lyman Abbott declares to be ''unparalleled for its strength and beauty by any other of the world's great literatures." Some SpeciEc Bible Themes This general theme, as indicated above, can be broken up into many themes such as human suffering as developed in the Book of Job; the inspiration and solace of nature, as portrayed in the Psalms; loyalty and obedience as shown in the story of Ruth; precepts for practical living as exemplified in the Proverbs. Though the stories of Ruth and Esther are so unlike in structure, set- ting, and character, they both have the same theme. Ruth is a peasant, Esther a queen; the story of Ruth is an idyl (a simple narrative story of country scenes and life), and that of Esther is a drama with all the dramatic motivation and suspense of a modern production; though the events in the stories occur eight hun- dred years apart, yet each story de- velops the theme of nobility of soul amid sore trials. Reverend James M. Whiton says of Ruth: "The theme is common, yet one that we weary of no more than of the grass and flowers." Ruth shows filial pi- ety, devotion, courage, self-respect. This story beautifies with the ten- derest sympathy a relationship that is often fruitful of antipathy— that between mother-in-law and daughter- in-law. We see a blighted life made, through the struggle of devoted love, to bloom again. With the story of Esther we come into a larger world. But here we LESSON DEPARTMENT 139 have the same theme, the same dom- the pulsing soul of the wide world before inant spirit— the "high resolve, the that soul had shut itself up in prejudice steadfast constancv that °' ^^^'^^ °^ narrowness of doctrine; and steaarast constancy tnar ^^^ ^^^^^ .^ j^^^ ^^^^ ^^ .^^j^^^ ^^ g^^,, ^^ 'Grasps the skirts of happy chance ^^ ^^ ^^^PV ^ware of the mystery of ex- istence And breasts the blows of circum- stance. Yhe last three v^ords— the "mys- The reward for facing hard circum- \?7 "^ f istence" is the theine of stairces courageously is more allur- ^'.^ f f * masterpiece It is at that ing as presented here than in the pomt alone that it can be touched m eariier story, but is of the same kind. ^'' '!^f ^ ^l*°"g^ ^ ^°^''^ "> •' Bible literature could not be com- In the setting of the story of Esther plete without a full lesson or two on we have "regal splendor, despotic other literary aspects of this great power, sensual passion, intriguing work, servility, murderous revenge." "And here on this dark and stormy sea," In the presentation of the theme says Reverend Whiton, "is a young the author introduces highly dra- woman, gifted with beauty, discre- m^tic elements. We see Job on his tion, courage, who masters these ash heap, in darkness and misery, menacing elements and becomes the He is groaning with disease. He is savior of her people This story deserted and scorned by his friends. of Esther is not only material for But he remains absolutely honest the noblest and gentlest meditation, with himself and loyal to his friends, but a token that in daily events- At times it seems that even God is the unforeseen chances-of life, in against him, but he remains steadfast the little unremembered acts, in the to his ideal as his faith battles its fall of a sparrow, in the earth bring- way up to victory in the survival of ing forth fruit of herself, God is sure- good and right beyond the tomb, ly present. The name of God is not "Here is the great law of the spiritual there, but the work of God is." l^fe, that the true service of God is not work for reward; it is heart- From many points of view the loyalty, a hunger after God's pres- Book of Job is one of the greatest ence, which survives loss and chas- in the Bible. It is truly superb as tisement; which in spite of contra- literature which has been defined dietory meaning cleaves to what is as "those books wherein moral truth godlike, and reaches up out of the and human passion are touched with darkness and hardness of this life a certain largeness, sanity, and attra- to light and love beyond." The tion of form." Dr. Genung says: debate on the question why the right- ... if we apply such a definition to the eous suffer is "only the wordy ve- Book of Job, we will find that the book re- hide whereby the littleness of men, tains, in enhanced significance, all the good their false dignity, their hidebound that other methods of approach have yield- traditions, their dogmatic intoler- ed, while it also gains beyond expression ^^^^ ^^^.. ^^ knowledge beat in its meaning for our common human • . i . i i r . ? . nature. It becomes, as Carlyle has defined against the great rock-SOul of the pat- it, an "all men's book"; we recognize in it riarch as he wages his battle." 140 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 This central theme is for all men in all times. In it is vitally involved the spiritual evolution of manhood. 'In this masterpiece the heart of the author of Job beats in unison with the heart of the world . . . sending forth the cry of those who see through a glass darkly^ blinding nothing of the terror and dread, yet in the face of it all, assuming that attitude which for life and character is the true solution of the world's enigma. It is well for the whole human race that from the depth of the inexplicable mystery one voice has learned to say, 1 know that my Redeemer liveth.' No greater utter- ance has ever illumined the pages of literature." Application oi Bible Themes to Our Own Lives It is because these great Biblical themes strike the deepest chords of both the human and the divine in man that they are of such inestimable value in our daily lives. When we see how others have met such prob- lems as Ruth, as Esther, as Joseph, as Moses, as Job, as Jesus Himself had to meet, we learn better how to meet our own. Every book in the Bible presents themes the application of which would strengthen our characters and enrich our lives. The books of the Apocrypha, as well as those of the Bible proper, offer these great themes. At the beginning of the Apocrypha, for instance, we come up- on a noble passage, in the First Book of Esdras. It is a short story which answers the eternal question: What is the strongest thing in the world? The answer which won the prize is the same answer the majority of men would give today— 'Truth is mighty above all things." So the Bible considered alone as literature is a light to guide us in our daily lives. The influence of the Bible upon the lives of men is sug- gested by the many tributes paid to it by men in different walks of life. A few of them follow: The iving James revisers said in i6ii: If we be ignorant, the Scriptures will in- struct us; if out of the way, they will bring us home; if out of order, they will reform us; if in heaviness, comfort us; if dull, quicken us; if cold, inflame us. Lincoln wrote to a friend: I am profitably engaged in reading the Bible. Take all of this book upon reason that you can, and the balance on faith, and you will live and die a better man. Napoleon I declared that by read- ing the Bible "not only is one's mind absorbed, it is controlled, and the soul can never go astray with this book for its guide.'' Ruskin advises: Read your Bible — make it your daily business to obey it in all that you under- stand. To my early knowledge of the Bible I owe the best part of my taste in literature. Lesson Helps 1 . Tell the story alluded to above in the First Book of Esdras, chapters 3 and 4. 2. Choose other stories or sections of the Bible which develop themes of vital importance in our lives today. 3. Find additional testimonies from great men of the past and present whose lives have been greatly influenced by the Bible. 4. How has the Bible helped you? 5. Give choice passages you have mem- References Talmage, James E., Jesus the Christ, pp. 75-87 LESSON DEPARTMENT 141 Social Science What "America" Means Lesson 8 Shrines and Monuments (Tuesday, May 25, 1943) In this lesson, we have briefly written about a few sacred places and shrines, chosen at random from thousands of others. They all will recall to the reader the tragedy, the joy, and the sorrow, toil, and rcHgious fervor of the great events of our history. It is quite natural for us to reverence hallowed places where heroes have died for some great principle, or fought for some noble cause. Such places have an atmosphere of spiritual life. How many lives are monumented in the hearts of mourning mothers, widowed brides, and sorrowful friends. Instead of the full years of natural service from many of her children, our country counts but their poor memories, "the tender grace of a day that is dead." Religious ideals are expressed in magnificent churches and tabernacles. For example, our Tabernacle in Salt Lake City gives us a great message. The very stones are sacred because the hands of our fathers touched them, and we can proudly say as we look at the pld building, so majestic and beautiful: "See, this our fathers did for us." f\^^ Fhg from a design prepared by a commit- tee of Congress in consultation with Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early General George Washington. Orig- WhatfoVoudly we hail'd at the twilight's '^^'^^Y^ ^he committee suggested the last gleaming, six-pointed star, but Mrs. Ross pre- S^'the'^'ptril^^^^^^ ^"^^^ '*'"' ^^''^^ th^ five-pointed star as more O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gal- artistic and the committee accepted lantly streaming? it. Betsy Ross continued making And the rockets' red glare, the bombs fl^gs foj- the Government for many bursting m air years. In 1789, when General Wash- Gave proof thro the meht that our flag i -, ' ^ t^ • 1 . r .1 was still there. mgton became President or the United States, there were thirteen The flag of the United States was states in the Union. Vermont was adopted by Act of the Continental admitted to the Union in 1791 and Congress June 14, 1777, when it was Kentucky in 1792, consequently Con- resolved: gress passed a bill in 1794 increasing That the flag of the United States be the number of stars and stripes to thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; fifteen. that the union be thirteen stars, white in a t r> blue field representing a new constellation. It was not until 1817 that Con- Located on Arch Street in Phila- gress decided to reduce the stripes delphia is the house where Betsy to thirteen, and increase the num- Ross made the first American flag ber of stars, one for each incoming 142 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE— FEBRUARY 1943 state. The plan for arranging them in rows was adopted in 1819 and has been continued to the present. The flag with the thirteen stripes and a star added for every new state was completed July 4, 1912, with the admission of the State of Arizona. Charles Evans Hughes, the former Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court has written a beauti- ful statement on ''What the Flag Means." He says: This flag means more than association and reward. It is the symbol of our na- tional unity, our national endeavor, our national aspiration. It tells you of the struggle for independence, of union pre- served, of liberty and union one and in- separable, of the sacrifices of brave men and women to whom the ideals and honor of this nation have been dearer than life. It means America first; it means an un- divided allegiance ... It means that you cannot be saved by the valor and devotion of your ancestors; that to each generation comes its patriotic duty; and that upon your willingness to sacrifice and endure as those before you have sacrificed and en- dured rests the national hope. It speaks of equal rights; of the inspira- tion of free institutions exemplified and vin- dicated; of liberty under law intelligently conceived and impartially administered. There is not a thread in it but scorns self- indulgence, weakness, and rapacity. It is eloquent of our common destiny. The Statue oi Liberty Dear to the hearts of Americans is the Statue of Liberty standing on Bedloe Island in New York City harbor. The creator of this noble work was a French sculptor and artist, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. In talking to a group of friends one day, Bartholdi said: We want our country and the United States to be friends forever, never to take up arms against each other. To cement our bond of friendship, we need a sign, a monument to say to people everywhere. "The United States and France will al- ways be friends." It was he who thought of the Statue of Liberty and who aroused the people of France to give the Statue to the United States, which was done on July 4, 1884. On the base of the Statue is an inscription written by Emma Laz- arus, an American poet and essayist of the last part of the nineteenth century. She was a Jewess, and worked valiantly for the relief of Jewish refugees from Russia. She believed passionately in America as a home for the oppressed, which inspired her to write these lines: Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame. With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon hand, glows world-wide welcome. Independence HaJI, Philadelphia In the old city of Philadelphia is Independence Square, tastefully laid out in flower-beds and lawns, with wide and well-shaded walks. On the north side of the Square, and front- ing Chestnut Street, is the most hal- lowed building of American patri- otic memories, Independence Hall. The Declaration of Independence was adopted here, July 4, 1776, and here the Constitution of the United States was drafted in 1787. In the central corridor is the sacred Lib- erty Bell. In the upper floor of the hall, Washington delivered his Fare- well Address in closing his term of office as President. The large east room is where the Revolutionary Congress met, and the old furniture LESSON DEPARTMENT 143 remains as it was in those olden days. In the central corridor is the sacred Liberty Bell which bears these im- mortal words: Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof; it shall be a jubilee unto you. (Leviticus 25:10) The bell was cast in America after a model that had been made in Eng- land, and was hung in the steeple of the State House in the summer of 1753, and was rung on all historic occasions until after the American Revolution. It was rung when the news of the battle of Lexington reached Philadelphia, and you have heard how the bell was rung by Andrew McNair when the Declara- tion of Independence was passed by the Second Continental Congress. When we were school children how happily we used to recite the words: That old State House bell is silent, Hushed now its clamorous tongue, But the spirit is awakened Still is living — ever young; And when we greet the smiling sunlight On the fourth of each July, We will never forget the bellman. Who, twixt the earth and sky. Rang out loudly "INDEPENDENCE!" Which, please God, shall never die. Plymouth Rock Great in their goodness and wise beyond their generation, the Pil- grim Fathers, the founders of the first permanent white settlement in what is now Massachusetts, seem to have been divinely chosen as the men most fit to lay the foundations of a great commonwealth. By their courage, fortitude, and zeal, they won for themselves a home in the American wilderness, and through their political foresight and religious independence, passed on to their countrymen, for all time, a sacred